Infectious disease Flashcards
Treatment for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
co-trimoxazole
Common causes for post operative fever
Day 1-2
Say 3-5
Days 5-7
Day 5+
Day 1-2: ‘Wind’ - Pneumonia, aspiration, pulmonary embolism
Day 3-5: ‘Water’ - Urinary tract infection (especially if the patient was catheterised)
Day 5-7: ‘Wound’ - Infection at the surgical site or abscess formation
Day 5+: ‘Walking’ - Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
Any time: Drugs, transfusion reactions, sepsis, line contamination.
Risk factors for oral candidiasis
HIV infection advanced malignancy chemo / radiotherapy immunosuppressive therapy Antibiotic therapy Inhaled corticosteroids Diabetes
Systemic antifungal treatment for candidiasis (severe disease)
fluconazole
Topical antifungal for candidiasis
clotrimazole oropharyngeal / nystatin
Inflammation with a candida infection of the skin, prescribe what?
corticosteroid cream
who are at risk of vaginal candidiasis
pregnancy
diabetes
hormonal contraceptives immunosuppressed
recently taken antibiotics
first line treatment in systemic candidiasis
Echinocandins (caspofungin) or fluconazole are first-line choices
Virus causing measles
Paramyxovirus
Presentation of malaria
fever malaise myalgia headache NandV Anaemia Jaundice Splenomegaly
Diagnosis of malaria - specific test
Blood film
Treatment of malaria
Chloroquinine
Doxycycline
the first sign of lyme disease is usually?
erythema migrans
general symptoms of lyme disease
fever malaise headache muscle aches joint pain lymphadenopathhy
Treatment of lyme disease
Doxycycline - 14 to 21 days
Which lobe of the lung does TB usually affect
Upper
Name for TB which has spread to the blood
Miliary
First area of granulomatous inflammation in TB
ghon focus
Risk factors for TB
immunocompromised young / old socially deprived immigrants alcoholics HIV
Primary TB presentation
Normally asymptomatic
May have a mild fever
Presentation of progressive TB
Cough Fever Night sweats Haemoptysis Weight loss Sputum Malaise Cervical lymphadenopathy
Bedside investigations in TB
Rapid sputum identification test
Culture sputum
4 Medications used to treat TB
RIPE
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
RIPE - 2 months
RI - 4 months
SE of Rifampicin
Orange urine
hepatitis
SE of Isoniazid
Peripheral neuropathy
Psychosis
Hepatitis
SE of pyrazinamide
Gout
SE of Ethambutol
Optic neuritis
What must be done when TB is diagnosed
Notifiable disease
Screen contacts
90% of causes of glandular fever
EBV
Classic triad of infectious mononucleosis
Sore throat
Anterior and posterior triangle lymphadenopathy
Pyrexia
Primary features of syphilis
Chancre - painless ulcer on the site of sexual contact
Local non tender lymphadenopathy
Secondary features of syphilis
Fever
Lymphadenopathy
Rash one trunk, palms and soles
Buccal ulcers
Treatment of syphilis
IM benzathine penicillin for 10 days or doxy for 14 days
How is Mumps virus spread
droplets
clinical features of Mumps
Fever
Malaise
Muscle pain
Parotitis - earache / pain on eating
Important to do what when diagnose mumps
notifiable disease
Causes for HSV recurrence
Stress
Fever
Tissue damage
Immunocompromise
HSV genital ulcer presentation
Macules, papules and ulcers lasting >3 weeks
Expectant mothers with HSV infection should be offered?
C-section
Treatment for HSV
Aciclovir
Gonorrhoea and Chlamydia bacteria is gram?
-ve
Presentation of gonorrhoea
Purulent discharge Perianal or anal discharge Urethritis Dysuria Homosexual men - pruritus ani and pain
Treatment for gonococcal urethritis
Cefixime or ceftriaxone - single dose
+ oral azithromycin
Treatment for neonatal conjunctivitis
Erythromycin
Presentation of chlamydia
can be asymptomatic
discharge - not usually purulent
urethritis
women - post coital or intermestrual bleeding
Treatment of chlamydia
Azithromycin one dose
or doxy od for 7 days
live vaccines
Live attenuated vaccines BCG MMR oral polio yellow fever oral typhoid
how does mycoplasma pneumonia present?
dry cough
erythema multiforme
chest x-ray shows reticulo-nodular shadowing of the lung (s)
