Renal

Question 1

Indications: refractory metabolic alkalosis or intracranial HTN

Answer 1

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Question 2

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 2

acetazolamide

Question 3

Osmotic diuretic

Answer 3

Mannitol

Question 4

Loop diuretics

Answer 4

Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide

Question 5

Use for sulfa allergies

Answer 5

Ethacrynic acid

Question 6

MOA: Inhibit cotransport
system (Na+/K+/2Cl−) of thick ascending limb
of loop of Henle.

Answer 6

Loop diuretics

Question 7

MOA: Osmotic diuretic. increase 􀁱 tubular fluid osmolarity –>
􀁰increase 􀁱 urine flow and, 􀁲 decrease intracranial/intraocular
pressure.

Answer 7

Mannitol

Question 8

SE: Pulmonary edema, dehydration.

Contraindicated in anuria, HF.

Answer 8

Mannitol

Question 9

Indications: CHF, edematous states, volume overload states

Answer 9

Loop diuretics

Question 10

inhibited by NSAIDs.

which increases􀁱 Ca2+ excretion.

Answer 10

Loop diuretics

Question 11

Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia, Dehydration,
Allergy (sulfa)/metabolic Alkalosis, Nephritis
(interstitial), Gout.

Answer 11

Loop diuretics

Question 12

Hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone,

metolazone.

Answer 12

Thiazide diuretics

Question 13

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis,
hyponatremia, hyperGlycemia,
hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia,
hyperCalcemia. Sulfa allergy.

Answer 13

Thiazide diuretics

Question 14

MOA: Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early DCT

–> increases􀁲 diluting capacity of nephron.

Answer 14

Thiazide diuretics

Question 15

indications: HTN, ca2+ nephrolithiasis, prophylaxis, idiopathic hypercalciuria

Answer 15

Thiazide diuretics

Question 16

Spironolactone and eplerenone; Triamterene,

and Amiloride.

Answer 16

Potassium Sparing diuretics

Question 17

blocking

Na+ channels in the cortical collecting tubule.

Answer 17

K+ sparing diuretics

Question 18

Indications: Hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion, HF, hepatic
ascites (spironolactone), nephrogenic DI
(amiloride).

Answer 18

K+ sparing duretics

Question 19

SE: Hyperkalemia (can lead to arrhythmias),
endocrine effects with spironolactone (eg,
gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects).

Answer 19

K+ sparing diuretics