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Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Fluids for hyponatremia if:
1 - Hypovolemic
2- euvolemic

A

1 - NS

2 - D5W +/- diuretics

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2
Q

Fluids for hyponatremia if:
1 - Hypovolemic
2- euvolemic

A

1 - NS

2 - D5W +/- diuretics

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3
Q

Cut-off to use hypertonic saline in hyponatremia?

A
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4
Q

Causes of Hypovolemic hyponatremia with preserved renal function (UNa

A

Diarrhea
Burns
3rd spacing

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5
Q

Causes of Hypovolemic hyponatremia with decreased renal function (UNa >10)?

A 
Diuretics
Urinary Obstruction
Adrenal insufficiency (low aldo)
RTA
Metabolic alkalosis
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6
Q

Causes of Hypervolemic hyponatremia with decreased renal function (UNa >10)?

A

AKI

Chronic kidney disease

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7
Q

Causes of Hypervolemic hyponatremia with preserved renal function (UNa

A

CHF
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome

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8
Q

Pseudohyponatremia conversion?

A

100mg Gluc = 1.6 Na

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9
Q

Pseudohyponatremia conversion?

A

100mg Gluc = 1.6 Na

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10
Q

Treatment for hyperkalemia WITHOUT EKG changes?

A

Diuretics or kayexelate

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11
Q

Causes of Hypovolemic hyponatremia with preserved renal function (UNa

A

Diarrhea
Burns
3rd spacing

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12
Q

Causes of Hypovolemic hyponatremia with decreased renal function (UNa >10)?

A 
Diuretics
Urinary Obstruction
Adrenal insufficiency (low aldo)
RTA
Metabolic alkalosis
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13
Q

Causes of Hypervolemic hyponatremia with decreased renal function (UNa >10)?

A

AKI

Chronic kidney disease

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14
Q

Causes of Hypervolemic hyponatremia with preserved renal function (UNa

A

CHF
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome

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15
Q

Causes of Euvolemic hyponatremia with preserved preserved renal concentration Uosm >100?

A

SIADH
Drugs
Hypothyroid
Glucocorticoid deficiency

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16
Q

Pseudohyponatremia conversion?

A

100mg Gluc = 1.6 Na

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17
Q

Proximal RTA?

Association
Complications

Treatment

A

Type 2
Decreased HCO3 reabsorption

Multiple Myeloma, amyloidosis
Rickets Osteomalacia

Thaizides

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18
Q

Treatment for hyperkalemia WITHOUT EKG changes?

A

Diuretics or kayexelate

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19
Q

Bicarb change per pCO2 change in acute and chronic respiratory acidosis and alkalosis?

A

Acute acidosis = 1/10
Chronic acidosis = 1/3
Acute alkalosis = 1/5
Chronic alkalosis = 1/2

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20
Q

Winters formula?

What is it used for?

A

pCO2 = (1.5 x HCO3 +8) +/-2

Determine if metabolic acidosis is compensated by respiratory rate

21
Q

Compensated Metabolic alkalosis formula?

A

change in pCO2 = change in HCO3 x 0.6

22
Q

Anion gap formula?

A

Na - (HCO3- + Cl-) = 8-12

23
Q

Anion gap metabolic acidosis causes?

A 
MUDPILES
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Paraldehyde
INH or isoniazide, Iron
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates
24
Q

Distal RTA?

Association
Complications

Treatment

A

Type 1
Decreased H+ secretion

Autoimmune diseases
Nephrolithiasis

Bicarb replacement

25
Q

Proximal RTA?

Association
Complications

Treatment

A

Type 2
Decreased HCO3 reabsorption

Multiple Myeloma, amyloidosis
Rickets Osteomalacia

Thaizides

26
Q

Nephritic/Nephrotic disease with low complement?

A

SLE
Post-streptococcal
HCV cryoglobinemia (Membranoproliferative I)
Membranoproliferative type 2

27
Q

Palpable purpura
GI pain
Arthralgias?

28
Q

IgE
Pulmoary infiltrates
Asthma
Nephritic syndrome?

Which ANCA marker?

A

Churg Strauss

pANCA

29
Q

GPA vs MPA?

A

GPA = Granulomas, cANCA, Sinus involvement

Both = pulmonary and renal

MPA = pANCA

30
Q

Hemosiderin filled macrophages in sputum + Nephritis?

A

Anti-GBM (Goodpastures)

31
Q

5 yo with nephritis + deaf + blind?

A

Alport Syndrome

32
Q

Lumpy-bumpy immunoflorescnes?

A

Post-strep

33
Q

Elevated ASO, anti-DNAase?

A

Post -strep

34
Q

African American
HIV
IV drugs
Nephrotic syndrome?

35
Q

Nephrotic syndrome + HBV, solid tumors?

A

Membranous nephropathy

36
Q

Spike and dome basement membrane deposits?

A

IgG C3 deposits in membranous nephropathy

37
Q

Increased Mesangial matrix + nodular sclerosis?

A

DM nephropathy

38
Q

Tram track double basement membrane?

A

Type 1 Membranoproliferative

39
Q

Dense deposits intramembranous?

A

Type 2 Membranoproliferative

C3 nephritic factor

40
Q

Dietary changes for normal kidney stones?

A 
Low Protein (phosphate)
Low sodium
41
Q

Elevated pALP in testicular CA?

A

Seminoma (most common)

42
Q

Elevated AFP in testicular CA?

A

Yolk sac(Endodermal)

43
Q

Elevated bHCG in testicular CA?

A

Choriocarcinoma

44
Q

Meds that cause Hyperkalemia?

A 
ACEI, ARB, K-sparing
Bb
Cyclosporine (blocks Aldo)
Digitalis
Heparin (blocks aldo)
NSAIDs
Trimethoprim (Blocks Na channels)
45
Q

Undecended tests increase risk of?

A

Cancer

Torsion

46
Q

Scaly rash along hairline of child?

A

Seborrheic Dermatitis

47
Q

Chlorthalidone s/e?

A

Thiazides (low K/Na, Hi Ca, Low mag)

GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE

48
Q

MOA of anti-cholinergic urinary retention?

A

Detrusor inactivation

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