Renal

Question 1

MC cause of nephrotic dz in children

Answer 1

minimal change dz (lipoid nephrosis)

Question 2

MC cause of nephrotic dz in adults

Answer 2

membranous nephropathy

Question 3

MC cause of GN worldwide

Answer 3

IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) 
assoc w Celiac dz

Question 4

Strep throat followed by kidney problems is called ___

Is MC cause of _____

Answer 4

Post-strep GN

acute nephritic syndrome

Question 5

Anti-basement membrane Abs. Affects kidney and lung.

Answer 5

Goodpastures

Question 6

mucosal surface ulceration, hemoptysis, eye involvement, GN, C-ANCA

Answer 6

Wegeners

Question 7

Is acute GN MC in women or men?

Answer 7

women

Question 8

Particular pattern of bladder change in chronic cystitis is called _____.
Assoc w _____ bodies (pathognomonic)

Answer 8

malakoplakia

Michaelis-Gutmann bodies

Question 9

Pathognomonic feature of Interstitial cystitis

Answer 9

Hunner’s ulcers

Question 10

Non-infx cystitis cause

Answer 10

chemotherapy, radiation

Question 11

MC cause of acute bacterial cystitis

Answer 11

E coli

Question 12

Large foamy MO with multinucleated cells found in

Answer 12

chronic cystitis

Question 13

Staghorn calculi characteristic of what type of renal stone?

Answer 13

triple phosphate

Question 14

Bacterial infx that may cause triple phosphate crystals?

Answer 14

Proteus

Question 15

3rd MC renal stone?

Answer 15

uric acid

Question 16

What urine pH causes uric acid stone

Answer 16

pH of 5.5 or less

Question 17

What stone type can take many forms?

Answer 17

uric acid

Question 18

What is the least common stone type?

Answer 18

cysteine (d/t genetic defect)

Question 19

Cystic disease: Adult or Childhood PKD?
A) AR
B) abnormal collagen and elastin
C) more commonly assoc with liver cysts
D) flattened cuboidal epithelium, fibrotic parenchyma with islands of bluish cartilage

Answer 19

A) childhood, adult is AD
B) adult
C) adult
D) childhood

Question 20

Medullary sponge kidney or chronic dialysis cyst?
A) irregular tan mass w lg cysts arranged around it
B) cysts involve inner medullary and papillary regions
C) renal cortex appears normal
D) increased risk for renal cell carcinoma

Answer 20

A) chronic dialysis cysts
B) medullary
C) medullary
D) chronic dialysis cysts

Question 21

ATN: Toxic or Ischemic?
A) no nuclei
B) causes skip lesions
C) muddy brown casts
D) MC acute cause of renal failure

Answer 21

A) toxic
B) ischemic
C) toxic
D) toxic

Question 22

MC caused by acetaminophen and aspirin

Answer 22

analgesic nephropathy

Question 23

Can be caused by strep, legionella, and CMV. MC seen as a result of allergic response to drug

Answer 23

AIN

Question 24

What are the findings in nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 24

proteinuria
decr serum proteins
incr serum lipid levels
generalized edema

Question 25

What protein(s) is/are lost in the urine in minimal change disease?

Answer 25

albumin

Question 26

What kind of stain is used to look at basement membrane in membranous glomerulopathy

Answer 26

silver or Jones stain --> spiked appearance

Question 27

MC cause of nephrotic syndrome in Af Americans

Answer 27

focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 28

What are the characteristics in nephritic syndrome?

Answer 28

``` Hematuria w RBC casts Minimal proteinuria HTN Variable renal insuff (azotemia, oliguria) Not usu edema ```

Question 29

``` % of Renal stones A) calcium oxalate B) triple phosphate (struvite) C) uric acid D) cysteine ```

Answer 29

A) 75% B) 15% C) 5-6% D) 1%

Question 30

``` What kind of renal stone? A) shaped like rectangular roof B) hexagonal shape C) shaped like flat envelope D) can take on multiple shapes ```

Answer 30

A) triple phosphate B) cysteine C) calcium ox D) uric acid

Question 31

Renal stones in general are composed of...

Answer 31

salts of carbonates, oxalates, phosphates or uric acid

Question 32

Triple phosphate renal stones are composed of...

Answer 32

magnesium ammonium phosphate

Question 33

HUS is characterized by _____(sudden or progressive) onset of symptoms that follow ____(what type of illness)?

Answer 33

sudden | GI infx or flu-like illness

Question 34

MC involved bacteria in HUS

Answer 34

E coli 0157:H7 (related to Shiga-like toxin)

Question 35

HUS is often considered to be part of a syndrome with what other illness?

Answer 35

TTP

Question 36

Histo of HUS

Answer 36

thickening of glomerular capillary walls swelling of endothelial cells fibrin thrombi in lumen

Question 37

Common cause of cystitis in Middle East, Egypt

Answer 37

Schistosomiasis

Question 38

Common bacterial causes of chronic cystitis

Answer 38

E coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter