Renal Flashcards
MC cause of nephrotic dz in children
minimal change dz (lipoid nephrosis)
MC cause of nephrotic dz in adults
membranous nephropathy
MC cause of GN worldwide
IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) assoc w Celiac dz
Strep throat followed by kidney problems is called ___
Is MC cause of _____
Post-strep GN
acute nephritic syndrome
Anti-basement membrane Abs. Affects kidney and lung.
Goodpastures
mucosal surface ulceration, hemoptysis, eye involvement, GN, C-ANCA
Wegeners
Is acute GN MC in women or men?
women
Particular pattern of bladder change in chronic cystitis is called _____.
Assoc w _____ bodies (pathognomonic)
malakoplakia
Michaelis-Gutmann bodies
Pathognomonic feature of Interstitial cystitis
Hunner’s ulcers
Non-infx cystitis cause
chemotherapy, radiation
MC cause of acute bacterial cystitis
E coli
Large foamy MO with multinucleated cells found in
chronic cystitis
Staghorn calculi characteristic of what type of renal stone?
triple phosphate
Bacterial infx that may cause triple phosphate crystals?
Proteus
3rd MC renal stone?
uric acid
What urine pH causes uric acid stone
pH of 5.5 or less
What stone type can take many forms?
uric acid
What is the least common stone type?
cysteine (d/t genetic defect)
Cystic disease: Adult or Childhood PKD? A) AR B) abnormal collagen and elastin C) more commonly assoc with liver cysts D) flattened cuboidal epithelium, fibrotic parenchyma with islands of bluish cartilage
A) childhood, adult is AD
B) adult
C) adult
D) childhood
Medullary sponge kidney or chronic dialysis cyst?
A) irregular tan mass w lg cysts arranged around it
B) cysts involve inner medullary and papillary regions
C) renal cortex appears normal
D) increased risk for renal cell carcinoma
A) chronic dialysis cysts
B) medullary
C) medullary
D) chronic dialysis cysts
ATN: Toxic or Ischemic? A) no nuclei B) causes skip lesions C) muddy brown casts D) MC acute cause of renal failure
A) toxic
B) ischemic
C) toxic
D) toxic
MC caused by acetaminophen and aspirin
analgesic nephropathy
Can be caused by strep, legionella, and CMV. MC seen as a result of allergic response to drug
AIN
What are the findings in nephrotic syndrome?
proteinuria
decr serum proteins
incr serum lipid levels
generalized edema
What protein(s) is/are lost in the urine in minimal change disease?
albumin
What kind of stain is used to look at basement membrane in membranous glomerulopathy
silver or Jones stain –> spiked appearance
MC cause of nephrotic syndrome in Af Americans
focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis
What are the characteristics in nephritic syndrome?
Hematuria w RBC casts Minimal proteinuria HTN Variable renal insuff (azotemia, oliguria) Not usu edema
% of Renal stones A) calcium oxalate B) triple phosphate (struvite) C) uric acid D) cysteine
A) 75%
B) 15%
C) 5-6%
D) 1%
What kind of renal stone? A) shaped like rectangular roof B) hexagonal shape C) shaped like flat envelope D) can take on multiple shapes
A) triple phosphate
B) cysteine
C) calcium ox
D) uric acid
Renal stones in general are composed of…
salts of carbonates, oxalates, phosphates or uric acid
Triple phosphate renal stones are composed of…
magnesium ammonium phosphate
HUS is characterized by _____(sudden or progressive) onset of symptoms that follow ____(what type of illness)?
sudden
GI infx or flu-like illness
MC involved bacteria in HUS
E coli 0157:H7 (related to Shiga-like toxin)
HUS is often considered to be part of a syndrome with what other illness?
TTP
Histo of HUS
thickening of glomerular capillary walls
swelling of endothelial cells
fibrin thrombi in lumen
Common cause of cystitis in Middle East, Egypt
Schistosomiasis
Common bacterial causes of chronic cystitis
E coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter
