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Path IV Final JT > PNS/CNS > Flashcards

PNS/CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebral palsy occurs primarily during this development time? 2nd MC? 3rd MC?

A

Pregnancy 75%
After birth 15%
Childbirth 10%

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2
Q

MC type of cerebral palsy

A

Spastic (70-80%)

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3
Q

Finding in CP of necrosis around the ventricles

A

periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)

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4
Q 
T or F: Cerebral Palsy
A) MC in premature infants
B) Intrauterine development of CP assoc with E coli
C) PVL--> nystagmus, strabismus
D) gray matter necrosis
A

A) T
B) F, Strep or CNS infx
C) T
D) F, white matter necrosis

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5
Q 
Gullain-Barre or Botulism?
A) descending flaccid muscle paralysis
B) ascending paralysis and weakness
C) immune mediated neuropathy
D) neurotoxins block stim of vol & autonom muscle
A

A) Botulism
B) Guillain Barre
C) Guillain Barre
D) Botulism

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6
Q 
Gullain-Barre or Botulism?
A) MC cause of acute generalized paralysis in US
B) initial prickling parasthesia
C) involvement of resp muscles
D) cranial nerve palsies
A

A) Guillain Barre
B) Guillain Barre
C) both
D) Botulism

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7
Q

Characteristics of MC type of diabetic related neuropathy

A

distal symmetrical sensorimotor

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8
Q

Most important proposed mechanism for diabetic neuropathy

A

endothelial inflamm and atherosclerosis –> microvascular dz –> ischemia and hypoxia–> decr blood flow to nerves

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9
Q

2nd proposed mechanism for diabetic neuropathy

A

chronic hyperglycemia–> incr sorbitol/decr. inositol–> reduced NaKATPase activity–> altered conduction

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10
Q 
T or F: Meningitis
A) aseptic = non-bacterial
B) purulent = bacterial
C) MC cause is bacterial
D) 2nd MC is cancer
A

A) T
B) T
C) F, viral
D) bacteria

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11
Q 
Organisms that cause Meningitis
A) Neonates
B) Infants/children
C) Adolescent/adult
D) Older adult
A

A) E coli
B) N. meningitidis
C) N. meningitides
D) Strep pneumonia

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12
Q 
Risks for what type of meningitis?
A) winter/spring
B) recent URI
C) assoc w H flu
D) affects people with compromised immune systems
A

A) meningococcal
B) meningococcal and pneumococcal
C) pneumococcal
D) Cryptococcal

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13
Q

viruses, fungi, tuberculosis, some medications, and infections near the brain or spinal cord such as epidural abscesses are etiologies of what kind of meningitis?

A

aseptic

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14
Q

Two viruses that account for account for about half the cases of aseptic meningitis

A

Coxsackie B virus and echovirus

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15
Q 
Risks for what type of meningitis?
A) crowded living conditions
B) otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis
C) Native Americans, Eskimos
D) yeast that stains with India ink
A

A) meningococcal
B) pneumococcal
C) pneumococcal
D) Cryptococcal (Cryptococcus neoformans)

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16
Q

MC cause of viral meningitis in children

A

enteroviruses

also 80% of adult cases

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17
Q

Herpes virus that is the agent in almost all adult cases of herpes meningitis and herpes encephalitis.

A

HSV-2

HSV-1 in infants

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18
Q

Encephalitis due to HSV infection characteristically involves the _____ lobes of the brain

A

temporal

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19
Q

The gold standard for definite diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis

A

detection of tumor cells in CSF

20
Q

MC non-hematologic cancers that metastasize to the CNS

A

Lung, breast and melanoma

21
Q

Most frequent histologic type of Carcinomatous meningitis

A

Adenocarcinoma

22
Q

Dementia: what type?
A) assoc w MO infection in brain
B) assoc w Lewy bodies
C) micro-infarctions/low blood flow damage brain cells
D) brain atrophy is “knife-life” in appearance

A

A) HIV dementia
B) Parkinson’s dementia
C) Vascular dementia
D) Pick’s dz

23
Q

MC form of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s

24
Q

MC form of Alzheimer’s disease (early/late onset)

A

Late-onset

25
Q 
Brain tumors: child or adult?
A) MC are astrocytic tumors
B) MC are metastatic tumors 
C) Most are above the tentorium
D) Most are below the tentorium
A

A) children
B) adult
C) adult
D) children

26
Q

Predominantly benign tumors of adults, attached to the dura. Arise in the arachnoid. Usually well rounded masses.

A

Meningiomas

27
Q

Malignant tumors of the glial cells of the brain. Occur predominantly in the cerebral hemispheres (brain stem & cerebellum in children).

A

Gliomas

28
Q

MC type of glioma

A

astrocytomas

other types are oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas

29
Q

Most malignant form of astrocytoma

A

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)

30
Q

Histo: stellate, spindle-shaped with fiber like processes, or plump with a large eosinophilic cytoplasmic mass

A

astrocytoma

31
Q

Most common in 4th and 5th decades.
Prognosis usually better than astrocytomas
tumors account for between 5-15% of all gliomas

A

Oligodendrogliomas

32
Q

In first two decades of life, usually found near the 4th ventricle. After age 20, more often found in the spinal cord.

A

ependymomas

33
Q

T or F: MS
A) first symptoms between 30-50
B) MC demyelinating disease
C) initial symptoms include tremors, paralysis
D) MRI with gadolinium can help monitor dz

A

A) F, 20 to 40
B) T
C) F, weakness, difficulty walking
D) T

34
Q

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is due to infection by the ____ virus

A

JC virus

35
Q 
Type of demyelinating dz
A) myelin destroyed
B) myelin destroyed, neurons and axons spared
C) no inflammation
D) inflammation
A

A) MS
B) Central pontine myelinolysis
C) Central pontine myelinolysis
D) MS

36
Q

Neurosyphilis caused by

A

Treponema pallidum

37
Q

Several hours following the treatment of early stages of syphilis, individuals may undergo a febrile reaction called a ______ reaction

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer

38
Q

Rare complication of measles (rubeola)

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

39
Q

virus becomes neurotropic, destroys motor neurons in the anterior horn and brainstem.
leads to flaccid paralysis in the muscles.

A

Polio

40
Q

Inclusion bodies within neurons, called ____ bodies, are 100% diagnostic for rabies infection

A

Negri bodies

41
Q

Reye’s Syndrome is a two-phase illness because it is almost always associated with a previous viral infection such as ___ or ____.

A

influenza or chicken pox

42
Q

Epidemiological research has shown a definite association between the development of Reye’s syndrome and the use of ___.

A

aspirin

43
Q

The two main examples of spongiform encephalopathy in humans are ___ and ___

A

Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

44
Q

Etiology of Guillain Barre

A

post-infectious, EBV, HPV, vax

45
Q

MC infx cause of brain abscess?

A

strep

46
Q

MC neuroparasitic infx in humans

A

Tinea solium

47
Q

Syphilis that damages dorsal roots

A

tabes dorsalis

Path IV Final JT (5 decks)

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