Musc Skel Flashcards
Paget’s appearance on XR
cotton ball appearance
widened bone with coarse trabecular marking
Incr risk of ____ with Paget’s
osteosarcoma
Name each condition
A) brittle bone disease, genetic
B) softening of bones, Vit D or Ca deficiency
C) rare inherited, bones become more dense
D) infection of bone or bone marrow
A) osteogenesis imperfecta
B) Rickets (in adults, osteomalacia)
C) osteopetrosis
D) osteomyelitis
Paget's T or F A) aka osteitis deformans B) decreased osteoclast / blast activity C) elevated alk phos D) narrow trabeculae of osteoid
A) T
B) F accelerated activity, incr bone turnover
C) T
D) F mosaic pattern of lamellar bone
In Paget’s a fracture is characterized by
breaking straight across
MC organism assoc with osteomyelitis
Staph aureus
With osteomyelitis, children are mostly affected in the ____ bones while adults are mostly affected in the ____ bones
children = long bones adults = vertebrae and pelvis
Bone cysts: solitary or aneurysmal? A) honey-combed appearance B) occur in metaphysis of long bns, vertebrae C) occur in distal ends long bones D) symmetrical
A) aneurysmal
B) aneurysmal.
C) solitary
D) solitary
Condition assoc w deficiency of Type 1 collagen
osteogenesis imperfecta
avascular osteonecrosis of the epiphysis of the femoral head
legg-calve-perthes
Osteoporosis: primary or secondary? A) advanced age B) immobilization C) hyperparathyroidism D) menopause
A) primary
B) secondary
C) secondary
D) primary
Bone cysts: solitary or aneurysmal? A) occurs in young men B) occurs in females in 20s, 30s C) recurrence common D) cavity filled w clear/bloody fluid
A) solitary
B) aneurysmal
C) aneurysmal
D) solitary
MC type of joint disease
osteoarthritis
Histo of osteroarthritis
fibrous lined cysts in subchondral bone, osteophytes
The breakdown of articular cartilage is triggered by the release of ____ by chondrocytes
cytokines such as IL-1 IL-6 and TNF-alpha
Nodules on DIPS?
Nodules on PIPS?
Heberden’s nodes
Bouchard’s nodes
Changes within the joint in ostearthritis
joint space narrowing, bone spurs, subchondral bone cysts
Bilateral, symmetrical fusiform swelling and redness of PIPs, MCT, MTP
RA
JIA or RA? A) subcutaneous nodules infrequent B) more joint pain C) 80% of cases assoc w RF D) more frequent high fever, rash, LAD
A) JIA
B) RA
C) RA (vs 10-20% in JIA)
D) JIA
MC GU infx that precedes reactive arthritis
Chlamydia
Name for clinical triad of RA, including splenomegaly and manifestations of hypersplenism
Felty’s syndrome
Genetic mutation for most seronegative spondyloarthropathies?
HLA-B27
RA, AS, PA, Reactive or Septic? A) Axial skeleton is affected B) Affects DIPs C) proliferative exudative synovitis D) dactylitis
A) AS
B) PA
C) RA
D) reactive, PA
Calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals (bifringent) deposit in knees/ankles
Pseudogout
Pathognomonic lesion of gout
tophus, MTP 1
Viral causes of arthritis
Parvo B19, rubella, Hep C, HIV
Crystal that causes gout
uric acid
Causes septic arthritis (organism) A) elderly, immunocomp B) MC older children/adults C) 2nd MC cause D) Sickle cell pts
A) E coli
B) Staph aureus
C) Strep spp
D) Salmonella
T or F
Reactive arthritis is caused by pathogens infecting the joints
F, arthritis is caused by antibody response to LPS in cell wall of organism. The organisms themselves do not infect joints.
Reactive arthritis triad
non-gonococcal urethritis or cervicitis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis
RA, AS, PA, Reactive or Septic? A) pitting of nails B) HLA-DR4 C) follows GU and GI infx D) hyperplastic synoviocytes
A) PA
B) RA
C) reactive
D) RA
MC form of muscular dystrophy
Duchenne’s
Poly, dermatomyositis, or Inclusion body?
A) no skin involvement
B) T8 lymphocyte infiltration
C) periorbital heliotrope rash and Gottran’s sign
D) 50% of cases dt paraneoplastic syndrome
A) poly
B) poly
C) dermato
D) dermato
X-linked inability to produce dystrophin, resulting in excess Ca++ causing oxidative stress (death of cell)
Duchenne’s
MG or Lambert-Eaton?
A) Ab block Ach receptors post synapse
B) Assoc w small cell lung CA
C) Abs target presynaptic Ca++ channels, inhibiting Ach release
A) MG
B) LE
C) LE
People with MG also tend to have abnormalities of the _____.
What form of abnormality in males? females?
thymus
thymoma in males
thymic hyperplasia in females
MG or Lambert-Eaton?
A) lymphocytes; pale/atrophic muscle fibers
B) better w initial exertion, then worse
C) worse activity / better rest
A) MG
B) LE
C) MG
Poly, dermatomyositis or Inclusion body?
A) adults; rare/nonexistent in persons younger than 20
B) slowly progressive weakness and wasting of distal and proximal muscles
C) mixed B and T cell inflamm infiltrate
D) dysphagia is a poor prognostic sign
A) poly
B) inclusion
C) dermato
D) poly
focal areas of white blood cells and other inflammatory cells, the appearance of vacuoles in the muscle, deposits of amyloid-related proteins within the muscle cells
inclusion body myositis
Muscles fibers appear
pale & enlarged, invasion by macrophages
polymyositis
Inflammatory cells invading muscle
Necrotic muscle fibers under inflammatory cells
Regenerating muscle fibers.
dermatomyositis
Arthritis assoc with IBD, IgG associated
enteropathic arthritis
