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Path IV Final JT > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

MC type of thyroid CA

A

papillary carcinoma (60-70%)

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2
Q

MC cause of hypothyroid

A

Hashimoto’s

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3
Q

MC cause of hyperthyroid

A

Grave’s (60-90%)

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4
Q

Medullary thyroid carcinoma etio? most often UL or BL?

A 
Sporadic (UL)
or familial (BL)
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5
Q

With medullary carcinoma, ____ cells proliferate

A

parafollicular C cells

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6
Q

MC form of Diabetes

2nd MC? 3rd MC?

A 
Type 2 (85-95%)
Type 1 (5-10%)
Type 1.5 (5%)
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7
Q

Insulin is secreted by ___ cells

A

beta

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8
Q

Glucagon is secreted by ___ cells

A

alpha

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9
Q

What is the pathology of Type 1 diabetes?

A

AI reaction to islet cells and insulin, most are directed against GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase)

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10
Q

Name for insulin-secreting tumors. Pancreatic tumor derived from beta cells

A

insulinoma

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11
Q

Zollinger-Ellison triad

A

non-beta islet cell tumors of pancreas (gastrinomas)
hypergastrinemia
severe ulcer dz

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12
Q

Gastrinoma MC in what organs

A

duodenum (50-70%)

pancreas (20-40%)

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13
Q

Gastrinomas secrete

A

gastrin –> incr HCL

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14
Q

Which MEN syndrome assoc with Zollinger Ellison

A

MEN 1

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15
Q

Silent and hormone negative adenomas are more likely to be _____ (micro/macro)adenomas

A

macroadenomas

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16
Q

Gross appearance of typical pituitary adenoma

A

soft well-circumscribed lesion that may be confined to sella tursica

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17
Q

Pituitary adenomas that expand into suprasellar region often compress what structure?

A

optic chiasm

18
Q

Histo of pituitary adenoma?

A

Uniform, small polygonal or round cells arranged in sheets or cords. Sparse reticulin. Sparse mitotic activity.

19
Q

Histo: What has marked hypercellularity?

A

Plummer’s dz

20
Q

Autoantibodies in Graves

A

LATS-Ab

21
Q

Autoantibodies in Hashimotos

A

Anti-TPO, Anti-thyroglobulin

22
Q

Histo: What has columnar hyperplastic epithelium, prominent infoldings

A

Grave’s

23
Q

Histo: What has mitoses, dk staining, and is undifferentiated?

A

Anaplastic thyroid CA

24
Q

PTH secreted by ____ cells _____ (incr/decr) calcium

Calcitonin secreted by ____ cells _____ (incr/decr) calcium

A

Chief, increase

Parafollicular C cells, decrease

25
Q

MC cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

parathyroid adenoma

26
Q

MC cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

renal failure

27
Q

MC cause of primary Addison’s dz.

A

autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex

28
Q

Waterhouse-Frederickson syndrome is assoc with what condition?
What infection?

A

secondary Addison’s dz (hemorrhage into adrenal glands)

N meningitidis

29
Q 
Primary or Secondary Addison's Dz?
A) hyperpigmentation
B) low ACTH
C) high ACTH
D) no hyperpigmentation
A

A) primary
B) secondary
C) primary
D) secondary

30
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is associated with what enzyme deficiency?

A

21-Hydroxylase deficiency (95% of cases)

31
Q

What cells are associated with pheochromocytoma

A

chromaffin cells (within adrenal medulla)

32
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism is also called ____ and is usu dt adrenal adenoma

A

Conn’s syndrome

33
Q

MC cause of Cushing’s syndrome

A

long term use of glucocorticoids (exogenous)

34
Q

Cushing’s syndrome or disease?
A) pituitary tumors cause
B) adrenal adenomas cause
C) ectopic tumors cause

A

A) disease
B) syndrome
C) syndrome

35
Q 
DM 1, 2, or 1.5?
A) test positive for Islet cell Ab
B) lymphocytic infiltration
C) insulin resistance and B cell dysfunction
D) pink hyalinization and amyloid
A

A) 1 and 1.5
B) 1
C) 2
D) 2

36
Q

What is the differentiation in size between a micro and a macroadenoma? Which is MC?

A

Micro 10 mm

37
Q

Histo: What has irregularly enlarged and flattened epithelium

A

nontoxic multinodular goiter

38
Q

Histo: What has granuloma, multinucleated giant cells?

A

DeQuervain’s thyroiditis

39
Q

Histo: What has lymphocytic infiltration, Hurthle cells?

A

Hashimotos

40
Q

Histo: What has amyloid stroma?

A

medullary carcinoma

41
Q

Histo: What is encapsulated, well-differentiated, has follicles containing colloid, has greater size variability?

A

follicular adenoma

42
Q

Histo: What has fronds, psamomma bodies?

A

papillary carcinoma

Path IV Final JT (5 decks)

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