Renal Flashcards
What do you see in the maintenance phase of acute renal failure?
Hyperkalemia and oliguria
What do you see in recovery phase of acute renal failure?
Hypokalemia and polyuria
What does exposure to rubber, plastics, textiles, leather increase risk for?
Transitional Cell carcinoma
What is the proximal ureter supplied by?
Renal artery
What is the distal ureter supplied by?
Superior vesicular artery
Where does RCC commonly metastasize?
Lungs
What has clear polygonal cells and can be paraneoplastic?
RCC
What are the symptoms of RCC?
Flank pain, hematuria, palpable mass, polycythemia
What do you treat calcium urine stones with?
Citrate, thiazides
What is the diagnosis? Oxalate crystals, coma, metabolic acidosis
Ethylene glycol poisoning
What do you treat UTI with?
Fluoroquinolones
What do you treat UTI in children with/
Penicilin, cephalosporins, TMP/sulfamethaxozole, nitrofurantoin
Where is urine most dilute?
Distal tubule
Where is urine most concentrated?
Collecting duct
What causes first dose hypotension?
ACE-I
What are the side effects of spironolactone?
Gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects, hyperklaemia
How do you reduce nephrolisthiasis?
Consume fluids because supersaturation is a major cause
Where is RCC most commonly found in the kidney?
Proximal tubule
Which one do you see antibodies to phospholipase A2?
Membranous glomerulonephritis
What is the diagnosis? Easy fatiguability, back pain, azotemia, constipation, eosinophilic casts?
Multiple Myeloma
What are the causes of renal papillary necrosis?
Phenacetin, Sickle Cell, Diabetes, pyelonephritis
What does renal papillary necrosis present with?
Acute colicky flank pain, hematuria, passage of tissue fragments
What is decreased in PSGN?
C3 levels
What are WBC casts seen with?
Pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis