Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE PREP!!!! > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Urachus —>

A

Median Umbilical Ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First developmental structure in renal embryology

A

Pronephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Urinary system is derived from which early cell layer

A

intermediate mesoderm –> urogenital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pronephros disappears by week

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mesonephros ultimately gives rise to

A

interim kidney for trimester 1, Wolffian Duct in male genital development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Potter Sequence is d/t

A

b/l renal agenesis d/t malformation of the ureteric bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What primitive structure forms the definitive kidney

A

Metanephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Findings in Potter Sequence

A

oligohydramnios, limb deformities, flattened face, hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of Potter Sequence

A

b/l renal agenesis, ARPKD, posterior urethral valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Potter Sequence prognosis

A

Incompatible w/ life d/t lung hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Horseshoe kidney result from what developmental defect

A

Fusion anomaly causing the lower poles to fuse d/t pressure/contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Horseshoe kidneys get caught on what structure?

A

IMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Horseshoe kidneys have increased risk of?

A

ureteropelvic junction obstruction, hydronephrosis, renal stones, renal cancer (rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Horseshoe kidneys are associated with what condition?

A

Turner’s Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pelvic kidneys result from what developmental abnormality

A

failure to pass UNDER the umbilical a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pelvic kidneys increase the risk for?

A

vesicoureteric reflux, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, renal stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney is d/t what developmental abnormality

A

abnormal ureteric bud & metanephric mesenchyme interaction –> cysts & non-functional kidney

18
Q

THE URETERS PASS UNDER WHAT 2 STRUCTURES

A

vas deferens & uterine aa.

19
Q

Nerve supply to the kidney is via

A

thoracic splanchnic nn.

20
Q

Kidneys drain lymph to

A

lumbar lymph nodes

21
Q

Ureters pass over what structure

A

common iliac aa.

22
Q

Cells lining the urethra

A 
Urethral meatus (bladder): transitional epithelium
Urethra: stratified columnar
Urethral external meatus: stratified squamous
23
Q

What gives the glomerular BM its negative charge?

A

Heparan sulfate

24
Q

In which condition is the negative GBM lost?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

25
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome results in what Sx

A

Albuminuria, hypoproteinemia, edema, hyperlipidemia

26
Q

Glomerular filtration barrier is composed of

A

fenestrated capillaries, GBM (-), Podocyte foot processes

27
Q

Renal Clearance Calculation

A

Cx = (Ux x V) / Px
Cx (ml/m)
Ux (mg/ml)
V (ml/m)

28
Q

What substance is used to measure GFR

A

Inulin

29
Q

Normal GFR

A

~100ml/m

30
Q

If renal clearance Cx

A

X is reabsorbed

31
Q

Normal osmolarity =

A

290mOsm/L

32
Q

Describe the fluid compartments

A

60% total body water
40% ICF
20% ECS — (5% PV, 15% Interstitial F)

33
Q

Which nephrons are responsible for the concentration of urine?

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons (thin loop of henle dives deep into medulla)

34
Q

If weight = 55kg, what % is PV?

A 
TBW = 55 x .6 = 33L
ICF = 55 x .4 = 22L
ECF= 55 x .2 = 11L
PV = 55 x .05 = 2.75L
ISF = 55 x .15 = 8.25L
35
Q

ileum blind pouch leading to umbilicus connected by a fibrous band

A

Meckel’s Diverticulum

36
Q

True Diverticulum are lined by what cells

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis

37
Q

Linear IF on kidney biopsy, what would be seen on light microscopy

A

crescent formation

38
Q

NF-kB stimulates

A

cytokine production

39
Q

rounded, polygonal cells w/ abundant clear cytoplasm, the lesion most likely originated from what portion of the kidney

A

Proximal Renal Tubules (RCC)

40
Q

PCOS (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome) patient findings

A

high Estrogen, high Androgens, high LH

Hyperandrogenism, anovulation, oligomenorrhea, ovarian cysts

41
Q

Allantois —>

A

Urachus

USMLE PREP!!!! (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions