Renal Flashcards
Urachus —>
Median Umbilical Ligament
First developmental structure in renal embryology
Pronephros
Urinary system is derived from which early cell layer
intermediate mesoderm –> urogenital ridge
Pronephros disappears by week
5
Mesonephros ultimately gives rise to
interim kidney for trimester 1, Wolffian Duct in male genital development
Potter Sequence is d/t
b/l renal agenesis d/t malformation of the ureteric bud
What primitive structure forms the definitive kidney
Metanephros
Findings in Potter Sequence
oligohydramnios, limb deformities, flattened face, hypoplasia
Causes of Potter Sequence
b/l renal agenesis, ARPKD, posterior urethral valves
Potter Sequence prognosis
Incompatible w/ life d/t lung hypoplasia
Horseshoe kidney result from what developmental defect
Fusion anomaly causing the lower poles to fuse d/t pressure/contact
Horseshoe kidneys get caught on what structure?
IMA
Horseshoe kidneys have increased risk of?
ureteropelvic junction obstruction, hydronephrosis, renal stones, renal cancer (rare)
Horseshoe kidneys are associated with what condition?
Turner’s Syndrome
Pelvic kidneys result from what developmental abnormality
failure to pass UNDER the umbilical a.
Pelvic kidneys increase the risk for?
vesicoureteric reflux, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, renal stones
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney is d/t what developmental abnormality
abnormal ureteric bud & metanephric mesenchyme interaction –> cysts & non-functional kidney
THE URETERS PASS UNDER WHAT 2 STRUCTURES
vas deferens & uterine aa.
Nerve supply to the kidney is via
thoracic splanchnic nn.
Kidneys drain lymph to
lumbar lymph nodes
Ureters pass over what structure
common iliac aa.
Cells lining the urethra
Urethral meatus (bladder): transitional epithelium Urethra: stratified columnar Urethral external meatus: stratified squamous
What gives the glomerular BM its negative charge?
Heparan sulfate
In which condition is the negative GBM lost?
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome results in what Sx
Albuminuria, hypoproteinemia, edema, hyperlipidemia
Glomerular filtration barrier is composed of
fenestrated capillaries, GBM (-), Podocyte foot processes
Renal Clearance Calculation
Cx = (Ux x V) / Px
Cx (ml/m)
Ux (mg/ml)
V (ml/m)
What substance is used to measure GFR
Inulin
Normal GFR
~100ml/m
If renal clearance Cx
X is reabsorbed
Normal osmolarity =
290mOsm/L
Describe the fluid compartments
60% total body water
40% ICF
20% ECS — (5% PV, 15% Interstitial F)
Which nephrons are responsible for the concentration of urine?
Juxtamedullary nephrons (thin loop of henle dives deep into medulla)
If weight = 55kg, what % is PV?
TBW = 55 x .6 = 33L ICF = 55 x .4 = 22L ECF= 55 x .2 = 11L PV = 55 x .05 = 2.75L ISF = 55 x .15 = 8.25L
ileum blind pouch leading to umbilicus connected by a fibrous band
Meckel’s Diverticulum
True Diverticulum are lined by what cells
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis
Linear IF on kidney biopsy, what would be seen on light microscopy
crescent formation
NF-kB stimulates
cytokine production
rounded, polygonal cells w/ abundant clear cytoplasm, the lesion most likely originated from what portion of the kidney
Proximal Renal Tubules (RCC)
PCOS (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome) patient findings
high Estrogen, high Androgens, high LH
Hyperandrogenism, anovulation, oligomenorrhea, ovarian cysts
Allantois —>
Urachus
