Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE PREP!!!! > Pathology - Female Repro > Flashcards

Pathology - Female Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Koilocytic changes

A

HPV infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vulvar carcinoma forms by what 2 pathways?

A

HPV-related (HPV-16, -18) or Non-HPV related (long-standing Lichen Sclerosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

40-50yo w/ Vulvar carcinoma what is the likely etiology?

A

HPV-related since it is seen years after peak sexual activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

60-70yo w/ Vulvar carcinoma what is the likely etiology?

A

Non-HPV related (long-standing Lichen Sclerosis causing chronic inflammation & irritation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HPV infection risk factors

A

multiple partners & early age of intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Extramammary Paget’s Disease must be distinguished from

A

Melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Extramammary Paget’s Disease staining pattern

A

PAS+, keratin +, S100 - (malignant epithelial cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Melanoma staining pattern

A

PAS -, Keratin -, S100 + (malignant melanocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Paget’s Disease of the Nipple we should assume

A

there is an underlying carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lower 1/3 of the vagina is derived from

A

Urogenital sinus -> non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Upper 2/3 of the vagina is derived from

A

Mullerian duct -> columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During development of the vagina, stratified squamous epithelium grows upward to replace the columnar epithelium, if this fails to occur —>

A

Vaginal adenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vaginal adenosis risk factors

A

DES exposure in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vaginal adenosis complication

A

Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Keratin + —–>

A

Epithelial Cell (Carcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S100 + ———–>

A

Melanocytes (Melanoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DES exposure increases the risk of _______ in the pregnant mothers

A

Breast cancer

18
Q

DES was used for

A

Used for pregnant females w/ Hx of premature labor, miscarriage

19
Q

Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

A

proliferation of glands with clear cytoplasm

20
Q

5yo female with “grape-like” protruding mass from vagina

A

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

21
Q

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

mesenchymal malignancy of immature skeletal mm.

22
Q

Rhabdomyoblast exhibits

A

cytoplasmic cross-striations & Desmin+ Myogenin+

23
Q

Vaginal Carcinoma arises d/t

A

High-risk HPV (vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia)

24
Q

Vaginal Carcinoma in the upper 2/3 may spread to what lymph nodes?

A

Iliac nodes

25
Q

Vaginal Carcinoma in the lower 1/3 may spread to what lymph nodes?

A

Inguinal nodes

26
Q

Transformation Zone

A

junction b/w the exocervix (non-keratinized stratified squamous) & the endocervix (single columnar layer)

27
Q

High-risk HPV E6 proteins MOA

A

destruction of p53 (loss of tumor suppressor proteins)

28
Q

High-risk HPV E7 proteins MOA

A

destruction of Rb (loss of tumor suppressor proteins)

29
Q

p53 action

A

p53 stops progression into S phase by bringing in: BAX —-I BCL2 which causes -> cytochrome C release from now unstable mito membrane –> activates apoptosis

30
Q

BCL2 action

A

stabilizes mitochondria membrane

31
Q

Rb action

A

releases E2F after phosphorylation, E2F -> causes progression into S phase

32
Q

Risk factors for Cervical Carcinoma

A

high-risk HPV, smoking, immunodeficiency

33
Q

Smoking increases the risk of which cancers?

A

Oropharyngeal, esophageal, lung, kidney, urothelial, cervix, & pancreas

34
Q

Why is Cervical Carcinoma and AIDS-defining illness?

A

Infection & CIN 1/2 is often resolved by the immune system, therefore cervical carcinoma is an indication of low immunity

35
Q

CIN characteristics

A

koilocytic changes, nuclear atypia, high mitotic activity

36
Q

CIN 1

A

<1/3 of epithelium thickness

37
Q

CIN 2

A

<2/3 of epithelium thickness

38
Q

CIN 3

A

< entire epithelium thickness

39
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

entire epithelium thickness

40
Q

“Chocolate cyst” on ovary

A

endometriosis involving the ovary

41
Q

“Gun-powder” nodules

A

endometriosis involving soft tissue

42
Q

Adenomyosis

A

endometriosis w/in the myometrium

USMLE PREP!!!! (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions