Psychology Flashcards
Defense Mechanisms: Acting Out
Immature; Avoiding unacceptable feelings by behaving badly
Defense Mechanisms: Denial
Immature; Behaving as if an aspect of reality doesn’t exist
Defense Mechanisms: Distortion
Immature; Altering perception of upsetting reality to be more acceptable
Defense Mechanisms: Dissociation
Immature; Disrupting memory, identity, & consciousness to cope with an event
Defense Mechanisms: Displacement
Immature; Transferring feelings to a more acceptable object
Defense Mechanisms: Fantasy
Immature; Substituting imaginary scenarios
Defense Mechanisms: Intellectualization
Immature; Using intellect to avoid uncomfortable feelings
Defense Mechanisms: Projection
Immature; Attributing one’s own feelings to others
Defense Mechanisms: Reaction formation
Immature; Responding in a manner opposite to one’s actual feelings
Defense Mechanisms: Repression
Immature; Blocking upsetting feelings from entering consciousness
Defense Mechanisms: Regression
Immature; Reverting to an earlier developmental stage
Defense Mechanisms: Splitting
Immature; Seeing other as all bad or good
Defense Mechanisms: Altruism
Mature; Avoiding negative feelings by helping others
Defense Mechanisms: Humor
Mature; Using humor to avoid uncomfortable feelings
Defense Mechanisms: Sublimation
Mature; Channeling impulses into socially acceptable behaviors
Defense Mechanisms: Suppression
Mature; Putting unwanted feelings aside to cope with reality
Classical Conditioning
involuntary response to a learned stimulus that was previously paired w/ an unconditioned stimulus (Pavlov’s Dogs)
Operant Conditioning
Voluntary response elicited bc it produces punishment or reward
Positive Reinforcement
desired reward produces action
Negative Reinforcement
action eliminates undesired stimulus
Transference
patient sees physicians as parent or another important figure
Countertransference
Physicians views patient as sibling or another important figure
ADHD
Onset: <12yo
Sx: hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattentiveness
Path: decreased frontal lobe volume/metabolism
Tx: methylphenidate, amphetamines, atomoxetine
Conduct disorder
Onset: <18yo
Sx: behavior that violates the rights of others
Behavior that violates the rights of others diagnosed >18yo
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Tourette’s Syndrome
Onset: 1yr (coprolalia <20%), associated w/ OCD, ADHD
Tx: antipsychotics
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Onset: ~7-9yo
Tx: SSRI
ASD
Onset: early childhood; M>F
Sx: poor social skills, communication deficit, ritualized behavior, restricted interests
Rett Disorder
Onset: 1-4yo in F only; X-linked
Sx: loss of development, loss of verbal skills, ataxia, stereotypic hand-wringing
Neurotransmitter Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease
Low ACh
Neurotransmitter Changes in Anxiety
High NE, Low GABA & 5-HT
Neurotransmitter Changes in Depression
Low DA, 5-HT, & NE
Neurotransmitter Changes in Huntington Disease
Low GABA & ACh, High DA
Neurotransmitter Changes in Parkinson Disease
Low DA, High 5-HT & ACh
Neurotransmitter Changes in Schizophrenia
High DA
Korsakoff amnesia
anterograde amnesia d/t thiamine deficiency & destruction of the maxillary bodies seen in alcoholics; associated w/ confabulations
Dissociative amnesia
inability to recall personal information d/t trauma or severe stress; dissociative fugue (abrupt wandering)
How long do SSRIs take to begin working?
4-6wks
