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USMLE PREP!!!! > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Acting Out

A

Immature; Avoiding unacceptable feelings by behaving badly

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2
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Denial

A

Immature; Behaving as if an aspect of reality doesn’t exist

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3
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Distortion

A

Immature; Altering perception of upsetting reality to be more acceptable

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4
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Dissociation

A

Immature; Disrupting memory, identity, & consciousness to cope with an event

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5
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Displacement

A

Immature; Transferring feelings to a more acceptable object

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6
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Fantasy

A

Immature; Substituting imaginary scenarios

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7
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Intellectualization

A

Immature; Using intellect to avoid uncomfortable feelings

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8
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Projection

A

Immature; Attributing one’s own feelings to others

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9
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Reaction formation

A

Immature; Responding in a manner opposite to one’s actual feelings

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10
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Repression

A

Immature; Blocking upsetting feelings from entering consciousness

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11
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Regression

A

Immature; Reverting to an earlier developmental stage

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12
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Splitting

A

Immature; Seeing other as all bad or good

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13
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Altruism

A

Mature; Avoiding negative feelings by helping others

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14
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Humor

A

Mature; Using humor to avoid uncomfortable feelings

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15
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Sublimation

A

Mature; Channeling impulses into socially acceptable behaviors

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16
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Suppression

A

Mature; Putting unwanted feelings aside to cope with reality

17
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

involuntary response to a learned stimulus that was previously paired w/ an unconditioned stimulus (Pavlov’s Dogs)

18
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Voluntary response elicited bc it produces punishment or reward

19
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

desired reward produces action

20
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

action eliminates undesired stimulus

21
Q

Transference

A

patient sees physicians as parent or another important figure

22
Q

Countertransference

A

Physicians views patient as sibling or another important figure

23
Q

ADHD

A

Onset: <12yo
Sx: hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattentiveness
Path: decreased frontal lobe volume/metabolism
Tx: methylphenidate, amphetamines, atomoxetine

24
Q

Conduct disorder

A

Onset: <18yo
Sx: behavior that violates the rights of others

25
Q

Behavior that violates the rights of others diagnosed >18yo

A

Antisocial Personality Disorder

26
Q

Tourette’s Syndrome

A

Onset: 1yr (coprolalia <20%), associated w/ OCD, ADHD
Tx: antipsychotics

27
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A

Onset: ~7-9yo
Tx: SSRI

28
Q

ASD

A

Onset: early childhood; M>F
Sx: poor social skills, communication deficit, ritualized behavior, restricted interests

29
Q

Rett Disorder

A

Onset: 1-4yo in F only; X-linked
Sx: loss of development, loss of verbal skills, ataxia, stereotypic hand-wringing

30
Q

Neurotransmitter Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Low ACh

31
Q

Neurotransmitter Changes in Anxiety

A

High NE, Low GABA & 5-HT

32
Q

Neurotransmitter Changes in Depression

A

Low DA, 5-HT, & NE

33
Q

Neurotransmitter Changes in Huntington Disease

A

Low GABA & ACh, High DA

34
Q

Neurotransmitter Changes in Parkinson Disease

A

Low DA, High 5-HT & ACh

35
Q

Neurotransmitter Changes in Schizophrenia

A

High DA

36
Q

Korsakoff amnesia

A

anterograde amnesia d/t thiamine deficiency & destruction of the maxillary bodies seen in alcoholics; associated w/ confabulations

37
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

inability to recall personal information d/t trauma or severe stress; dissociative fugue (abrupt wandering)

38
Q

How long do SSRIs take to begin working?

A

4-6wks

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