Renal 3 Flashcards
Name 4 key features (symptoms/lab tests) of nephrotic syndrome
- generalied edema
- high grade proteinuria (>3.5 g/24 hrs)
- hypoalbuminemia (<3g/dL plasma)
- hyperlipidemia
Name three primary causes of nephrotic syndrome and one secondary cause
primary -minimal change disease -focal segmental glomerulosclerosis -membranous nephropathy seconary -diabetic nephropathy
What’s the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
minimal change disease (looks normal on light and IF microscopy)
How would you treat minimal change disease?
steroids
What would you see on EM microscopy for minimal change disease?
epithelial foot process effacement
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a form of _____ syndrome and presents most often in ______
- nephrotic syndrome
2. african americans
What would you see microscopically in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?
-microscopic hematuria
T/F- hypertension is rarely seen in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
False, it is often seen
Describe the microscopic appearance of glomeruli in FSGS for light, IF, and EM
LM: segmental sclerosis
IF: mild IgM and C3 or could be negative
EM: diffuse epithelial cell injury
T/F- FSGS always responds to steroids just like minimal change disease
False, FSGS response is variable to steroids, unlike MCD which almost always responds to steroids
Where will immune deposits be located in membranous nephropathy?
Sub-epithelial deposits causing “spikes” by silver stain
T/F- chronic membranous nephropathy presents with waxing and waning of proteinuria
True
Name the gene associated with membranous nephropathy (recently discovered)
PLA2R
Name the conditions associated with membranous nephropathy in each category:
- Autoimmune
- Infectious disease
- Drugs
Autoimmune= Lupus
Infectious disease= hepatitis B
Drugs= Penicillamine
T/F- Diabetic nephropathy usually presents with a linear glomerulosclerosis
False, it is a nodular glomerularsclerosis
