Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology II Exam 1 > Derm 1 > Flashcards

Derm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F- melanocytes are absent in albinism?

A

False, melanocytes are present but do not make melanin properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the mutation responsible for albinism?

A

Tyrosinase mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In vitiligo, are melanocytes present or absent?

A

absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the average age of onset in vitiligo?

A

20 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lentigo presents with brown macules but no seasonal variation. Are melanocyte numbers changed or is melanin production changed?

A

melanocyte numbers are increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In a compound nevus, nests are present in the dermal epidermal junction and in the ______.

A

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in a dermal nevus, the cells are confined to what layer?

A

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

With a giant congenital nevus, what is a concern in infants?

A

risk of CNS involvement when located on the head and neck, and an approximately 5% risk of melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A blue nevus, what is the color from?

A

dermal pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What will you see in the dermis of a blue nevus histologically?

A

spindled melanocytes and melanophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A dysplastic nevus is also called what?

A

atypical or clarks nevus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F- multiple dysplastic nevi are a marker for increased risk of melanoma

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 3 characteristic features of a dysplastic nevus

A
  • melanocytes show “atypia” and bridge across rate bridges
  • dermal fibroplasia is seen in the papillary dermis
  • epidermal component extends beyond the dermal component “shouldering”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Do white males or females get more melanoma?

A

males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name environmental risk factors for melanoma (5)

A
  • intense intermittent sun exposure
  • chronic sun exposure
  • tanning bed use
  • immunosuppression
  • live near equator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the median age of diagnosis of melanoma?

A

57

17
Q

Name the most common type of malignant melanoma which starts with intraepidermal disease and then invades

A

superficial spreading type

18
Q

T/F- the nodular type of melanoma is invasive from onset so prognosis is poorer because patients present with deeper tumors.

A

true

19
Q

Name they type of melanoma that is especially common in elderly patients and has a prolonged inset phase and is usually >3 cm

A

lentigo maligna melanoma

20
Q

If you have melanoma on your foot what is it called? Which ethnic group gets it the most? How’s the prognosis?

A
  • acral lentiginous melanoma
  • risk not stratified by ethnic pigmentation
  • presents with thick lesions so poor prognosis
21
Q

What two genetic mutations are most common in non-chronically sun damaged skin (CSD)?

A

BRAF>KIT

22
Q

What genetic mutation predominates in CSD, acral, and mucosal melanomas?

A

KIT

23
Q

Are BRAF mutations common in normal nevi as well?

A

yes

24
Q

What is pagetoid spread?

A

upward spreading of melanocytes in melanoma

25
Q

Review clark levels for melanomas

A 
I:   In situ
II:  Invades papillary dermis
III: Expands, but confined to papillary dermis
IV: Invades reticular dermis
V:   Invades fat
26
Q

What is breslow depth as it relates to melanomas?

A
  • Microscopic measurement from the granular layer of the epidermis to the point of deepest tumor invasion
  • Most important prognostic factor
27
Q

What is the basal cell carcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma ratio in immunocompetent normal people?

A

20:1 BCC/SCC

28
Q

Which type of skin cancer is more common in immunosuppressed people?

A

SCC > BCC

29
Q

Over 90% of basal cell carcinomas occur where?

A

head and neck

30
Q

T/F- basal cell carcinoma is not related to chronic sun exposure?

A

False, it is

31
Q

Do BCC’s metastasize often?

A

no

32
Q

T/F- actinic keratosis presents with scaly papules on SUN EXPOSED skin and a small percentage will develop into invasive SCC

A

true

33
Q

What is the primary risk factor for SCC?

A

ultraviolet light exposure

34
Q

What percentage of SCCs metastasize?

A

5%

35
Q

What areas of body have increased risk of SCC?

A

ear, lip, genitalia

36
Q

BCC occurs on _____ lip and SCC occurs on ______ lip

A

BCC: upper lip
SCC: lower lip

Pathology II Exam 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions