RENAL

Question 0

Oliguria

Answer 0

Markedly decreased passage of urine: < 400 ml / day for an adult.

Question 1

Polyuria

Answer 1

Excessive passage of urine: > 2.5 L / day for an adult

Question 2

Hematuria

Answer 2

Blood in urine.

Question 3

Pyuria

Answer 3

Pus in urine: > 10 WBCs (Neutrophils)/hpf + Leukocyte Esterase

Sign of inflammation and often related to infection.

Question 4

Sterile Pyuria

Def’n, Seen In?

Answer 4

Pyuria with a NEGATIVE urine culture.

SEEN IN:
- Chlamydia or Gonorrhoeae Urethritis

Question 5

Azotemia

Def’n, Dx, Seen In?

Answer 5

Excess of Urea + other N-containing compounds in blood,
which normally are excreted in the urine.

DX: BUN

SEEN IN:
- Acute Renal Failure

Question 6

Uremia

Def’n, Pres (6)?

Answer 6

Excess of Urea and Creatinine (A.A / Protein Metab end products) in blood, which normally are excreted in the urine.
-> Clinical Sx marked by↑BUN +↑Creatinine.

PRES:

• Platelet dysfunction
• Encephalopathy
• Asterixis
• Pericarditis
• Nausea
• Anorexia

Question 8

Tubular Reabsorption

Answer 8

Movement of substances from tubules -> bloodstream (capillaries).

* Terms ‘Reabsorption’ & ‘Secretion’ refer to / are in relation to
BLOODSTREAM.*

Question 9

Tubular Secretion

Answer 9

Movement of substances from bloodstream (capillaries) -> tubules.

Question 10

Tubular Excretion

Answer 10

Substances excreted in urine.

Question 11

Hydrostatic P (P)

Answer 11

Force that PUSHES WATER OUT.

Question 12

Colloid Osmotic / Oncotic P (π)

Answer 12

Force that PULLS WATER IN.

Exerted by proteins in a blood vessel’s plasma =
PLASMA PROTEINS.