IMMUNO (ILs)

Question 0

Cytokines (ILs)- GENERAL #1

• Secreted by Macrophages (6)?
• Secreted by NK cells (2)?
• Secreted by B cells?
• Secreted by ALL T cells (2)?
• Secreted by TH cells?
• Secreted by Th1 cells?
• Secreted by Th2 cells (4)?
• Secreted by Regulatory T cells?
• Secreted by Cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 0

• Secreted by Macrophages: IL-1, -6, -8, 12, TNF-a, G-CSF + GM-CSF
• Secreted by NK cells: IL-3, Interferon-y
• Secreted by B cells: IL-12
• Secreted by ALL T cells: IL-2, -3
• Secreted by TH cells: G-CSF + GM-CSF
• Secreted by Th1 cells: Interferon-y
• Secreted by Th2 cells: IL-4, -5, -6, -10
• Secreted by Regulatory T cells: IL-10
• Secreted by Cytotoxic T cells: Interferon-y

Question 1

Anergy

Def’n?

Answer 1

Process by which self-reactive B cells or T cells become
NON-REACTIVE without presence of a costimulatory molecule.
(T cells have higher tendency for this).

Question 2

Cytokines (ILs)- GENERAL #2

* “Hot T-bone stEAK” *
IL 1-6

Answer 2

• “Hot”: IL-1 (fever)
• “T”: IL-2 (stims T cells)
• “bone”: IL-3 (stims BM)
• “E”: IL-4 (stims IgE production)
• “A”: IL-5 (stims IgA production)
• “K”: IL-6 (stims aKute-phase-protein production)

Question 3

Cytokines (ILs)- GENERAL #3

ILs that are Endogenous Pyrogens (2), Effects?

Answer 3

• IL-1
• IL-6

EFFECTS: Acute Infl (incl production of acute-phase proteins) + Fever

Question 4

IL-1 (Osteoclast-Activating Factor)

Induced By (3), Mech of Action (2)?

Answer 4

IND:

• Endotoxins
• Lipid A (in outer memb of Gram - bacteria)
• Lipoteichoic acid (in cell memb/cell wall of Gram + bacteria)

MECH: Acute-Phase Reactant

• Activates endothelium to express ADHESION MOLECULES
• Induces CHEMOKINE secretion -> Recruiting of LEUKOCYTES

Same actions as TNF-a

Question 5

IL-2
* most potent interleukin *

Receptor, Mech of Action (2)?

Answer 5

RECEPTOR: CD25

MECH:

• RECRUITMENT of B cells + T cells
• T cell growth

Question 6

IL-3

Mech of Action?

Answer 6

MECH:

- Growth / Diff of BM stem cells

Question 7

IL-4

Mech of Action (4)?

Answer 7

MECH:

• Growth of B cells
• ‘Clonal Expansion’ of B cells: Multiplication -> New B cells express receptor for IL-5. (Once IL-5 bound, B cell -> Plasma cell)
• Diff into TH2 cells
• Class-Switching to IgG + IgE

Question 8

IL-5

Mech of Action (3)?

Answer 8

MECH:

• Diff of B cells -> Plasma cells
• Growth / Diff of Eosinophils
• Class-Switching to IgA

Question 9

IL-6

Mech of Action, Induced By?

Answer 9

MECH: Acute-Phase Reactant

IND:
- Endotoxins

Question 10

IL-8

Mech of Action?

Answer 10

MECH: CHEMOTACTIC factor for Neutrophils

Question 11

IL-10

Mech of Action?

Answer 11

MECH:

• Modulates infl response by INHIB actions of:
  - Activated T cells
  - TH1 cells

Similar actions to TGF-b (infl inhib)

Question 12

IL-12

Mech of Action (2)?

Answer 12

MECH:

• Diff into TH1 cells
• Activation of NK cells

Question 13

TNF-a + -b

Mech of Action (General + 1)?

Answer 13

MECH: Acute-Phase Reactants. Same actions as IL-1

- Mediates Septic Shock

Question 14

Interferon-a + -b

Sources (2), Mech of Action?

Answer 14

SOURCES:

• Fibroblasts
• WBCs

MECH: THINK: “Interfere” w viruses
- Inhib viral protein syn

Question 15

Interferon-y

Mech of Action (3)?

Answer 15

MECH: Acute-Phase Reactant

        * Antiviral + Antitumor properties* - Activates NK cells (to kill viral- + tumor-infected cells) - ↑MHC expression ->↑antigen presentation (in all cells) - Inhib TH2