Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Terminology & Lists > HEME (Terms) > Flashcards

HEME (Terms) Flashcards

0
Q

Cytopenia

Def’n, Mech (2 options)?

A

Reduction in # of blood cells.

MECH =↓production or↑destruction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

BM Failure

Causes (2)?

A

CAUSES:

  • Aplastic Anemia
  • Leukemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pancytopenia

Def’n, Causes, Pres (3)?

A

↓in all cell types: RBCs, WBCs + Platelets.

CAUSES:
- BM failure

PRES:

  • Anemia
  • Infection
  • Bleeding / Hem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thrombocytopenia

Seen In (2)?

A

SEEN IN:

  • BM failure
  • Htn
    - Preeclampsia / Eclampsia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neutropenia

Def’n / Value, Causes (5)?

A

Neutrophil count ↓production of WBCs)

- Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eosinopenia

Causes (2)?

A

CAUSES:

  • Cushing’s Sx
  • Corticosteroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lymphopenia

Def’n / Values (adults vs children), Causes (6)?

A
  • Lymphocyte count
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Def’n,↑Seen In (5),↓Seen In (5)?

A

Infl reactants in plasma (eg fibrinogen) coat RBCs and cause them to AGGREGATE.
Because RBC aggregates have a higher density than plasma,
SR↑.

↑SEEN IN:

  • Infections
  • Inflammation + Autoimmune Dz
  • Malignancies
  • Pregnancy
  • Anemias (most)

↓SEEN IN:

  • ↓Fibrinogen
  • Microcytosis
  • Polycythemia (↑# of RBCs dilutes aggregation factors)
  • Sickle Cell Anemia (RBCs w altered shape)
  • CHF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hemostasis

Def’n?

A

Stopping of bleeding at site of interrupted endothelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thrombosis

Def’n, MC Location, RF (Virchow’s Triad), Chars (2)?

A

PATHOLOGICAL formation of a clot within an INTACT vessel.

Deep Veins of Leg (below knee).

RF: Virchow’s Triad:

  1. Hypercoaguable state
  2. Endothelial cell damage
  3. Disruption in blood flow

CHARS:

  • Attachment to vessel wall
  • Lines of Zahn: alternating layers of platelets / fibrin + RBCs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bleeding Time

Normal Value,↑Seen In (general)?

A

Normal = 2-7 minutes.

↑SEEN IN: Platelet Disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Platelet Count

Normal Value, Abnormal Value?

A

Normal = 150-400 K/ul.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT)

Def’n,↑Seen In (2)?

A

Measurement of EXTRINSIC + COMMON pathways of
Coagulation Cascade.
How long does it take for PLASMA to clot?

Defect ->↑PT.

↑SEEN IN:

  • Vitamin K Deficiency
  • DIC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

Def’n,↑Seen In?

A

Measurement of INTRINSIC + COMMON pathways of
Coagulation Cascade.
How long does it take for BLOOD to clot?

Defect ->↑PTT.

↑SEEN IN: Coagulation Disorders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cytosis

Def’n?

A

↑in # of blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Agranulocytosis

Def’n?

A

Marked decrease in the # of granulocytes.

17
Q

Anisocytosis

Def’n, Measurement, Seen In?

A

Cells of varying SIZES.

RDW.

SEEN IN:
- B-Thalassemia

18
Q

Erythrocytosis / Polycythemia

Def’n, Seen In (2)?

A

Increased proportion of blood volume occupied by RBCs.

 ABSOLUTE: ↑in # of RBCs, RBC mass + EPO levels.

 RELATIVE:  ↓in plasma volume.

SEEN IN:

  • Eisenmenger’s Sx
  • Hepatoma / HCC
19
Q

Inappropriate Absolute Polycythemia

Def’n, Mech, Causes (4)?

A

Absolute Polycythemia with NORMAL O2 Sat.

MECH = Ectopic EPO production.

CAUSES:

  • Renal Cell Carcinoma
  • Wilms Tumor
  • Hydronephrosis
  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma
20
Q

Appropriate Absolute Polycythemia

Def’n (additional specificity), Causes (3)?

A

Absolute Polycythemia with↓O2 Sat.

CAUSES:

  • High altitude
  • Lung dz
  • Ectopic EPO production from Renal CC
21
Q

Leukocytosis

Seen In (2)?

A

SEEN IN:

  • Leukemia
  • Myeloproliferative disorders
22
Q

Poikilocytosis

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Cells of varying SHAPES.

SEEN IN:
- B-Thalassemia

23
Q

Neutrophilia / Neutrophilic Leukocytosis

Def’n / Value, Causes (3), Seen In?

A

Circulating Neutrophils > 75%.

CAUSES:
- Release of BM Neutrophils, incl immature forms = ‘Left Shift’:
Pyogenic infections (ie bacterial infections) + Tissue necrosis
- High Cortisol state: Corticosteroids or Cushing’s Sx
(impairs leukocyte adhesion -> release of marginated pool of neut)
- Leukocyte Adhesion Def (phagocyte dysfunction)

SEEN IN:
- CML

24
Q

Eosinophilia

Def’n / Value, Mech, Causes (5: “NAACP”)?

A

Eosinophils > 5%.

MECH =↑eosinophil chemotactic factor.

CAUSES:

  • Neoplastic / Hodgkin Lymphoma
  • Allergic processes (Type 1 HS)
  • Asthma
  • Collagen vascular diseases
  • Parasites (invasive)
25
Q

Basophilia (RARE)

Def’n / Value, Seen In?

A

Basophils > 2%.

SEEN IN:
- CML

26
Q

Monocytosis

Def’n / Value, Causes (2)?

A

Monocytes + Lymphocytes > 10%.

CAUSES:

  • Chronic infl states / infections
  • Malignancy
26
Q

Lymphocytosis

Def’n / Value, Causes (3)?

A

Lymphocytes > 35%.

CAUSES:

  • Chronic infections
  • B pertussis infection
  • Viral infections (T cell hyperplasia in response to viruses)
27
Q

Thrombocytosis

Seen In (3)?

A

SEEN IN:

  • ET
  • PV
  • Postsplenectomy
28
Q

Embolism

Def’n?

A

Intravascular mass that travels and occludes DOWNSTREAM vessels.

29
Q

Anemia

Def’n + Values (male vs female), Pres?

A

↓in circulating RBC mass.

Hb

30
Q

Leukemia

Def’n, MC Location?

A

Myeloid or Lymphoid neoplasms with WIDESPREAD
involvement of BM.

Tumor cells usually found in peripheral blood.

31
Q

Leukemoid Reaction

Def’n, Blood Findings (3), Labs?

A

Acute infl response to infection.

BLOOD:

  • WBC count↑
  • Neutrophils↑
  • Neutrophil precursors (eg band cells)↑= “Left Shift”

LABS:
- Leukocyte ALP↑

32
Q

Lymphoma

Def’n?

A

DISCRETE tumor masses arising from lymph nodes.

Terminology & Lists (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions