Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology Unit 5 Condensed > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q
  • undifferentiated tubular structures
  • surrounded by undifferentiated mesenchyme, smooth muscle and islands of cartilage
  • abn. in metanephric differentiation
  • most common cause of abd mass in newborns
  • Unilateral
A

Unilateral Multicystic Renal Dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • numerous cysts in renal parenchyma
  • mutation in gene encoding polycystin
  • sense of heaviness in loins, bilateral flank and abd masses, blood clots in urine
  • usually in 4th decade of life
  • risk for hepatic cysts and berry aneurysm
A

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most common location of ectopic kidney

A

pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

All of the following are causes of….?

  • Minimal Change Disease
  • Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
  • Membranous Glomerulopathy
  • Membranoproliferative type 1
  • Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
  • Amyloidosis
A

Nephrotic Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

All of the following are causes of…?

  • IgA Nephropathy
  • Henloch Schoenleun Purpura
  • Alport Syndrome
  • SLE
  • Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis type 2
  • Cryoglobulinemia
  • Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
A

Nephritic Syndrome (RBC casts=tubular bleeding, not from lower in urinary tract!!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Proteinuria
    • Congo Red Staining
  • Some type of Chronic inflammatory disorder (chronic suppurative bronchiectasis, Multiple Myeloma, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Osteomyelitis)
A

Amyloid Nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • fusion of podocyte foot processes
  • nephrotic syndrome (90% of causes in children)
  • selective loss of albumin in urine
  • Resolves with corticosteroids
A

Minimal Change Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reason for lipid droplets in urine of nephrotic patients?

A

Liver compensates for protein loss by increasing lipoprotein production–> hyperlipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • granular deposits of IgG and complement in subendothelium and mesangium on immunofluorescence
  • Capillary endothelial BM proliferation
  • Tram track appearance from doublung of basement membrane
A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Linear deposition of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody
  • hemoptysis
  • Crescentic glomerulopathy
A

Goodpastures Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Deposition of IgA in mesangium
  • episodic hematuria following URI or GI infections
  • 20% of patients develop renal failure after 10 years (sclerosis)
A

Berger Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • diffuse hypercellularity of glomeruli (mesangium, endothelial and epithelial cells)
  • diffuse deposition of immune complexes (mesangial, subendothelial subepithelial and inside capillary loops-wire loop lesion)
  • rash
  • severe form of this called Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis
A

Lupus nephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • History of pharyngitis
  • nephritic syndrome
  • complement fixation on renal biopsy (attracts and activates neutrophils and monocytes–>stim proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells)
  • subepithelial dense deposits (humps) with subendothelial and mesangial deposition (less visible)

**usually recover without consequences**

A

PostInfectious Glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • granulomatous lesions of nose, sinuses, and lungs
  • elevated C-ANCA
  • focal glomerular necrosis with crescents and vasculitis
A

Wegener Granulomatosis- presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • glomerular sclerosis affection some portions of some glomeruli
  • most common renal complication of IV drug abuse
  • proteinuria
  • when associated with HIV is severe and rapidly progressing
A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

released by renal interstitial peritubular cells in response to hypoxia/shock

A

erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • pathologic changes in some glomeruli and not others
  • mesangial proliferation
  • Causes: lupus nephritis, nephritis with vasculitides, Henloch Shonlein purpura, Berger Disease
A

focal proliferative glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • Dense deposits within the basement membrane
  • Nephritic Syndrome
  • Mesangial and Capillary BM proliferation
  • autoantibody that stabilizes C3 convertase (C3 nephritic factor)
A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type 2 (Dense Deposit Disease)

19
Q
  • capillary loops are thickened (IgG subepithelial deposition) but NOT HYPERCELLULAR
  • most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults
  • hyaline casts in urine
  • Causes: paraneoplastic syndrome, SLE, hep B, penicillamine
A

membranous glomerulopathy/nephropathy

20
Q
  • Nephritis
  • hematuria with deafness
  • eye/lens sclerosis
  • Mutation in Type 4 collagen
  • irregularly thickened GBM on EM
A

Alport Syndrome

21
Q

Most common cause of acute pyelonephritis?

A

gram negative bacteria (E Coli)

22
Q
  • Thyroidization of the kidney (eosinophilic hyaline casts)
  • History of recurrent pyelonephritis
A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

23
Q
  • diffuse mesangial matrix expansion
  • focal, segmental, nodular, and sclerotic lesions
  • eventually results in progressive renal failure
A

Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis

24
Q

Severe cases of acute pyelonephritis may cause…

-Sx: acute onset of excruciating groin and flank pain

A

acute papillary necrosis

25
Q
  • begins approx 2 weeks after drug admin
  • infiltrate of T cells and eosinophils
  • type 4 cell mediated immune reaction
  • presents as rapidly progressive renal failure
  • full recovery with d/c of drug
A

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

26
Q
  • painless hematuria
  • hx of CAD and peripheral vascular disease
A

Cortical Infarct

27
Q

Term used when ischemia in the kidney is more widespread (ex: from hypovolemia)

A

Necrosis

28
Q
  • HTN
  • Proteinuria
  • Edema
  • Pregnant
A

Pre-eclampsia

29
Q

Pre-Eclampsia + seizures

A

Eclampsia

30
Q
  • necrosis of tubular epithelial cells
  • caused by ischemia (hypotension) or toxic injury (heavy metals, organic solvents, or contrast agents)
A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

31
Q
  • Hyalinized Glomeruli
  • tubulues are atrophic or fibrotic
  • Hx of HTN
  • progressive renal failure
  • shruken kidneys with finely granular surface
A

Nephrosclerosis

32
Q
  • Onion skinning of small renal arteries
  • high Hct, Hgb
  • Chronic progressice renal failure

**All of this is a result of….**

A

Malignant HTN

33
Q

-Stenosis of renal arteries leading to HTN is caused by the release of _______ from _________ cells in the kidney

A
  • renin
  • juxtaglomerular apparatus
34
Q
  • Fever, Abd pain, and bloody diarrhea
  • traced to eating a certain food from a restaurant
  • Development of acute renal failure
  • From Shiga toxin producing strains of E Coli
A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

35
Q
  • rash
  • arthralgias
  • oliguria
  • hematuria
A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

36
Q
  • Most common cancer of the kidney
  • spreads to lung and bones most frequently
  • originates from renal tubule tissue
A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

37
Q
  • Mutated gene in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
  • Clear b/c filled with glycogen and fat
A

-VHL

38
Q
  • Unilateral abdominal mass in infant
  • blastemal, stromal, and epithelial tissues
A

Wilms Tumor

39
Q
  • Unilateral abdominal mass on child
  • high levels of vanillylmandelic acid in urine
A

Neuroblastoma

40
Q

-Most common type of stone in nephrolithiasis in US

A

Calcium Oxalate

41
Q
  • Staghorn calculi composed of?
  • usually a result of?
A
  • Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate stones
  • result of infection
42
Q

-Direct complication of vaso-occlusive disease (sickle cell anemia)

A

renal papillary necrosis

43
Q
  • Antigens in hyperacute graft rejection?
  • Antigens in acute and chronic graft rejection?
A
  • ABO antigens
  • HLA molecules
44
Q
  • Child w/ hx of HTN
  • segmental stenoses w/ multiple ridges projecting into lumen of renal artery
  • “string of beads” pattern
A

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Pathology Unit 5 Condensed (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions