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Pathology Unit 5 Condensed > Lower Urinary and Male > Flashcards

Lower Urinary and Male Flashcards

1
Q
  • open defect of lower abdominal wall
  • incomplete resorption of anterior cloacal membrane in development
  • associated with epispadias in male infants
  • increased risk for bladder carcinoma (squamous carcinoma not urothelial carcinoma)
A

exstrophy of urinary bladder

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2
Q
  • male with recent hx of dysuria and hematuria
  • hx of repeated acute cystitis
  • Echogenic item in bladder diverticulum

All of these can be caused by…..

A

nodular prostatic hyperplasia

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3
Q

Most common bug causing acute cystitis?

A

E. Coli

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4
Q
  • painless hematuria
  • hx of cigarette use
  • all blood and urine tests normal
  • usually ages 50-80, more often in men
A

Urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder

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5
Q
  • frequency of urination, pain on urination and pelvic discomfory
  • hx of transurethral prostatectomy 3 months ago
  • cytoscopy shows areas of hemorrhage on bladder wall
  • fibrosis of lamina propria and predominance of lymphocytes
A

chronic cystitis

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6
Q
  • sudden episode of painless hematuria
  • papillary tumor in posterior bladder wall
  • papillary fronds that are lined by urothelial epithelium
A

Exophytic papilloma

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7
Q

–1 month hx of painless hematuria

  • cytoscopy shows red, velvety flat patches on bladder mucosa
  • risk factors: aromatic amines, azo dyes, Schistosome haematobium, cyclophosphamide, analgesics, radiation therapy, cigarette smoking
A

urothelial cell carcinoma in situ

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8
Q
  • child with scrotal swelling
  • can be transilluminated
  • clear serous fluid lined by mesothelium
  • often associated with inguinal hernia
  • patent processus vaginalis
A

hydrocele

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9
Q
  • painless hematuria and flank pain
  • mass in left ureter
  • hydronephrosis
  • requires removal of entire ureter
A

urothelial cell carcinoma

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10
Q
  • young child with blood in urine
  • CT shows neoplasm of bladder
  • edematous, mucosal, polypoid mass (cluster of grapes)
A

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

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11
Q
  • hx of pain and bleeding near urethral meatus
  • negative urine cultures
  • chronic inflammation, granulation tissue and epithelial hyperplasia on biopsy
A

urethral caruncle

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12
Q
  • painless hematuria
  • hx of chronic schistosomiasis
  • urinalysis shows malignant cells
  • cytoscopy shows mass in wall of urinary bladder
A

squamous cell carcinoma

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13
Q
  • multiple raised lesions on shaft of penis
  • condyloma acuminata is caused by___________
  • puts the pt at increased risk for________
A

HPV

Carcinoma of the penis

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14
Q
  • 20 yr old with dysuria, urgency and urethral discharge
  • suppurative urethritis with redness and swelling at urethral meatus

What is the most likely etiology?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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15
Q
  • acute and chronic inflammation of glans penis
  • most common complication is_______
A
  • chronic balantis
  • phimosis: when orifice of prepuce is too narrow to allow retraction over the glans penis
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16
Q
  • multiple lesions on penis for 2 months
  • shiny, soft, erythematous plaques on glans and foreskin
  • biopsy shows neoplastic epithelial cells connected by intercellular bridges with invasion into dermis
A

squamous cell carcinoma

17
Q
  • increased urgency to void
  • can’t empty bladder completely
  • enlarged nodular prostate
  • biopsy shows hyperplasic prostatic glands

A possible complication is_______?

A

hydroureter and hydronephrosis

18
Q
  • intersex woman
  • ambiguous female external genitals
  • signs of virilization
  • 46XY karyotype
A

Male Pseudohermaphroditism (testicular feminization syndrome)

-usually due to androgen insensitivity syndrome

19
Q
  • mass on young childs testicle
  • solid mass that cannot be transilluminated
  • biopsy shows haphazard arrangement of benign differentiated tissues (squamous and glandular epithelium, cartilage and neural tissue)
A

mature teratoma

20
Q
  • 2 year old with a mass on testicle
  • neoplastic cells forming glomeruloid schiller duval bodies
  • increased production of alpha-fetoprotein
A

yolk sac tumor

21
Q
  • testicular mass that cannot be transilluminated
  • no tumor markers detected
  • most common germ cell malignancy
  • increased risk for this from cryptorchidism
A

Seminoma

22
Q
  • hx of painless testicular mass
  • cannot be transilluminated (solid)
  • multinucleated giant cells on biopsy
  • derived from throphoblastic cells
  • increase HCG levels
A

Choriocarcinoma

23
Q

Most likely cause of a scrotal mass in a 65 year old?

A

malignant lymphoma

24
Q
  • precocious puberty in 8 year old boy
  • could also present with feminization and gynecomastia
A

Leydig Cell tumor-may secrete androgens, estrogens or both

25
Q
  • fever
  • testicular pain and swelling
  • swollen parotid glands
A

Mumps virus

26
Q
  • 16 year old boy with breast enlargement
  • Karyotype of 47 XXY
  • testicular atrophy
A

Klinefelters syndrome

27
Q
  • 68 year old with elevated PSA
  • tumor exhibits androgen dependent growth
  • biopsy shows poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma
  • Precursor lesion is______?
  • aggressiveness of adenocarcinoma correlates with______?
A

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

Gleason Score

28
Q
  • dysuria, frequency, urgency
  • long hx of urinary tract infections with E Coli
  • cytoscopy shows soft yellow plaques on mucosal surface
  • biopsy shows chronic inflammatory cells with numerous macrophages with Michaelis Gutmann bodies (small, intracytoplasmic calcium rich spherical structures)
A

Malakoplakia

29
Q
  • hx of chronic cystitis
  • hematuria
  • mass in dome of bladder, mucinin cytoplasm of tumor cells
A

adenocarcinoma of the bladder

30
Q
  • edematous bladder with prominent central ulcer
  • lymphocytes and mast cells with extensive fibrosis on biopsy
A

chronic interstitial cystitis

31
Q

urethral meatus of lower side of penile shaft?

upper side?

A

lower-hypospadias

upper-epispadias

32
Q
  • short hx of scrotal swelling
  • can be transilluminated and contains clear, milky fluid
  • degenerating spermatozoa
A

spermatocele

33
Q
  • large mass on scrotum
  • can be transilluminated
  • composed of dilated blood vessels
  • increased risk of infertility
  • more common on the ______side
A

varicocele

Left side

34
Q
  • painless mass in scrotum
  • cannot be transilluminated
  • AFP and HCG are normal
  • foci of hemorrhage and necrosis
A

Embryonal Carcinoma

Pathology Unit 5 Condensed (7 decks)

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