Renal Flashcards
Average kidney size
9-12cm
muscles posterior to the kidneys
-Quadratus Lumborus located anteriorly
-Psoas located posterior lateraly
this fascia anchors the kidneys and adrenal glands and limits infection
Gerota’s Fascia
the renal segment that contains both renal cortex and medullary pyramids
Renal Parenchyma
Bands of cortical tissue within the kidneys, and separate the medullary pyramids
Columns of Bertin
what is the echogenicity of the different layers of the kidneys from light to darkest
-renal sinus
-parenchyma
-renal cortex
-medullary pyramids
blood supply of the kidney
AO—>Renal A.—> Segmental A.—> Interlobar A.—> Arcuate A.—> Interlobular A.—> Afferent Arterioles—> Glomerulus
Lab tests for kidneys
-BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen): assess renal function and & measures kidneys ability to rid the body of waste
-Creatinine
-Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
-Clearance Tests: patients ability to urinate and how much
Functions of the kidney
-make urine and excrete waste
-regulate blood volume
-regulate blood pressure
-reabsorption of water and sodium back into the body
this hormone is used to increase water reabsorption, constrict blood vessels, regulate sodium homeostasis
ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)
this hormone helps the kidneys to increase sodium absorption, increase water and potassium excretion
Aldosterone
this is the site for fluid build up between the liver and right kidney
Morrison pouch
a benign bulge on the lateral side of the left kidney; can be easily mistaken for cancer
Dromerdary Hump
an enlargement between the renal cortex and medullary pyramids; same echogenicity as a normal cortex
Hypertrophied Column of Bertin
Both kidneys are fused at the inferior poles and lying over the spine in the mid abdomen
Horseshoe Kidney
Kidneys develope outside the renal fossa including the pelvis, lower abdomen, and intrathoracic
renal ectopia
A multiple amount of fluid filled cysts develop consuming the entire organ and affecting both kidneys; can spread to other organs; developed in adulthood; dominant inheritance
APKD (Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease)
multiple cysts develop consuming the entire kidney, manifests in fetal development, stays within the kidneys; recessive inheritance can skip a generation
IPKD (Infant Polycystic Kidney Disease)
inflammation/infection of the one or both kidneys extending to the pelvis for females; acute/chronic and may lead to abscess
Pyelonephritis
this type of malignant tumor is more common in males +60, hypoechoic, heterogeneous, with color flow
Renal Cell Carcinoma AKA Hypernephroma
this type of malignant tumor is common in children between ages 2-5 years old, fast developing, solid mass with color flow, distorts the central sinus
Wilm’s Tumor aka
NephroBlastoma (tip B for babies )
small HYPERechoic kidneys with prominent renal pyramids with diminished renal parenchyma
Chronic Renal Disease
mild to sever dilation (fluid filled) of the calyces and renal pelvis due to a blockage of stones; four different grades
Hydronephrosis
Grade 1: pelviectasis, light mild version
Grade 2: mild
Grade 3: moderate
Grade 4: severe