Renal

Question 1

Average kidney size

Answer 1

9-12cm

Question 2

muscles posterior to the kidneys

Answer 2

-Quadratus Lumborus located anteriorly
-Psoas located posterior lateraly

Question 3

this fascia anchors the kidneys and adrenal glands and limits infection

Answer 3

Gerota’s Fascia

Question 4

the renal segment that contains both renal cortex and medullary pyramids

Answer 4

Renal Parenchyma

Question 5

Bands of cortical tissue within the kidneys, and separate the medullary pyramids

Answer 5

Columns of Bertin

Question 6

what is the echogenicity of the different layers of the kidneys from light to darkest

Answer 6

-renal sinus
-parenchyma
-renal cortex
-medullary pyramids

Question 7

blood supply of the kidney

Answer 7

AO—>Renal A.—> Segmental A.—> Interlobar A.—> Arcuate A.—> Interlobular A.—> Afferent Arterioles—> Glomerulus

Question 8

Lab tests for kidneys

Answer 8

-BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen): assess renal function and & measures kidneys ability to rid the body of waste
-Creatinine
-Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
-Clearance Tests: patients ability to urinate and how much

Question 9

Functions of the kidney

Answer 9

-make urine and excrete waste
-regulate blood volume
-regulate blood pressure
-reabsorption of water and sodium back into the body

Question 10

this hormone is used to increase water reabsorption, constrict blood vessels, regulate sodium homeostasis

Answer 10

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

Question 11

this hormone helps the kidneys to increase sodium absorption, increase water and potassium excretion

Answer 11

Aldosterone

Question 12

this is the site for fluid build up between the liver and right kidney

Answer 12

Morrison pouch

Question 13

a benign bulge on the lateral side of the left kidney; can be easily mistaken for cancer

Answer 13

Dromerdary Hump

Question 14

an enlargement between the renal cortex and medullary pyramids; same echogenicity as a normal cortex

Answer 14

Column of Bertin Hypertrophied

Question 15

Both kidneys are fused at the inferior poles and lying over the spine in the mid abdomen

Answer 15

Horseshoe Kidney

Question 16

Kidneys develope outside the renal fossa including the pelvis, lower abdomen, and intrathoracic

Answer 16

renal ectopia

Question 17

A multiple amount of fluid filled cysts develop consuming the entire organ and affecting both kidneys; can spread to other organs; developed in adulthood; dominant inheritance

Answer 17

APKD (Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease)

Question 18

multiple cysts develop consuming the entire kidney, manifests in fetal development, stays within the kidneys; recessive inheritance can skip a generation

Answer 18

IPKD (Infant Polycystic Kidney Disease)

Question 19

inflammation/infection of the one or both kidneys extending to the pelvis for females; acute/chronic and may lead to abscess

Answer 19

Pyelonephritis

Question 20

this type of malignant tumor is more common in males +60, hypoechoic, heterogeneous, with color flow

Answer 20

Renal Cell Carcinoma AKA Hypernephroma

Question 21

this type of malignant tumor is common in children between ages 2-5 years old, fast developing, solid mass with color flow, distorts the central sinus

Answer 21

Wilm’s Tumor aka
NephroBlastoma (tip B for babies )

Question 22

small HYPERechoic kidneys with prominent renal pyramids with diminished renal parenchyma

Answer 22

Chronic Renal Disease

Question 23

mild to sever dilation (fluid filled) of the calyces and renal pelvis due to a blockage of stones; four different grades

Answer 23

Hydronephrosis
Grade 1: pelviectasis, light mild version
Grade 2: mild
Grade 3: moderate
Grade 4: severe