Gynecology

Question 1

Reproductive tracts develope from which two ducts

Answer 1

Wollfian (male) and Mullerian (female)

Question 2

average adult uterine dimensions

Answer 2

8cm(length) x 3cm (AP) x 5cm(trans)
(Tips: 3+5=8)

Question 3

measurements of endometrium based upon phases of the menstrual cycle

Answer 3

-Menses (1-4mm)
-Proliferative (6-10mm)/Eva’s notes 12-13mm
-Secretory (7-14mm)/ Eva’s notes 18-22mm
“Tip: 1+3=4 (Menses); 6+4=10 (Proliferative); 3+4=7+7=14 (secretory)

Question 4

average adult ovarian length

Answer 4

3cm (length) x 2cm (AP) x 1cm (trans)

Question 5

Hormone that triggers ovulation

Answer 5

LH surge

Question 6

hormone which makes follicles in ovary grow

Answer 6

FSH

Question 7

layers of the uterus

Answer 7

-endometrium
-myometrium
-permetrium/serosa

Question 8

4 sections of the uterus

Answer 8

-Fundus
-Body/corpus
-isthmus (LUS more commonly used)
-cervix (external os, fornix, internal os)

Question 9

where does fertilization normally take place

Answer 9

ampulla of fallopian tube

Question 10

normal location of a fertilized ovum to implant

Answer 10

within the upper 2/3 of the uterus

Question 11

sections of the fallopian tube

Answer 11

-interstitial
-isthmus
-ampulla
-infundibulum
-fimbria

Question 12

female reproductive muscles (4)

Answer 12

-Iliopsosa: from the iliac crest to the greater trochanter of the femur
-Obturator internus: parallel to the lateral walls of the pelvis
-piriformis: posterior pelvis
-levator ani: posterior pelvis

Question 13

the two spaces with the FMS

Answer 13

-anterior cul de sac (vesico uterine space): is posterior to the bladder and anterior to the uterus
-posterior cul de sac (Pouch of Douglass): is posterior to the uterus and anterior to the rectum

Question 14

ligaments of the FMS (6)
“BRO I C U”

Answer 14

-broad Lig.
-round Lig.
-ovarian Lig.
-infundibulopelvic lig.
-cardinal lig.
-uterosacral lig.

Question 15

Shadowing off of the fornices at the cervix is termed

Answer 15

Fu Man Chu

Question 16

most common congenital malformation of the uterus

Answer 16

bicornuate uterus:
-uterus bicornis unicollis (two uterine horns and one cervix)
-uterus bicornis bicollis (two uterine horns and two cervices)

Question 17

the different angles of the uterus

Answer 17

-anteverted, anteflex
-retroverted, retroflex

Question 18

Blood supply to FMS

Answer 18

-ovarian A./V. (Branch from AO)
-Uterine A. (Branch from internal iliac A.)
-arcuate vessels

Question 19

the four types of PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)

Answer 19

-Salpingitis: inflammation of fallopian tubes
-Pyosalpinx: Pus filled due to virual, bacterial, or fungal infection
-Hydrosalpinx: fluid filled fallopian tubes
-TOA (Tubo Ovarian Abscess) : acute vs chronic

Question 20

nulliparous

Answer 20

no births

Question 21

What days of the ovarian cycle is the follicular phase

Answer 21

days 1-13

Question 22

what day of the ovarian cycle is ovulation

Answer 22

day 14

Question 23

what days of the ovarian cycle is the luteal phase

Answer 23

days 15-28

Question 24

what are the levels of estrogen and progesterone during the ovarian cycle

Answer 24

-follicular phase: estrogen increased and progesterone decreased
-luteal phase: estrogen decreased and progesterone increased

Question 25

what days of the uterine cycle is the menses

Answer 25

days 1-6 (uterus sheds old lining)

Question 26

what days of the uterine cycle is the Proliferative phase

Answer 26

days 7-14 (mature ovum is ready for fertilization)

Question 27

what days of the uterine cycle is the secretory phase

Answer 27

Days 14-28 (uterus is ready for implantation)

Question 28

what are the five different uterine fibroids

Answer 28

-intramural fib.
-subserosal fib.
-submucosal fib.
-pedunculated fib.
-cervical fib.

Question 29

after ovulation what happens to the Graffian follicle and which hormone increases

Answer 29

the mature graffian follicle releases the cumulus oophorus at day 14, and then becomes the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum at day 15 secretes progesterone and continues increasing

Question 30

what is the formula to get the ovarian volume

Answer 30

volume = Length x height(AP) x width x 0.523

Question 31

what happens to the uterine size after menopause

Answer 31

reduces significantly in size assumes a prepubertal shape

Question 32

premenarchal

Answer 32

Before menstruation

Question 33

if the endometrium and its three layers are visible in a sonographic image, what does that mean

Answer 33

the patient is in the Proliferative phase of her uterine cycle

Question 34

Difference between the true pelvis and false pelvis

Answer 34

-true pelvis is a bowl shaped cavity aligned posteriorly/inferiorly within the skeletal frame
-false pelvis is the more superior aspect of the pelvic cavity

Question 35

a benign cyst in the ovaries, that is fluid filled (simple or complex) from the graffian follicle, is larger than 3cm in size, and normally clears up between 3-6months

Answer 35

cyst-adenoma aka functional ovarian cyst

Question 36

four types of complex ovarian cyst’s

Answer 36

-hemorrhagic cyst (chocolate cyst)
-TOA
-corpus luteal cyst
-cyst-adenocarcinoma

Question 37

a cyst filled with cells from different layers of an undeveloped fertilized ovum; inside the cyst will have hair, fat, teeth

Answer 37

dermoid cyst

Question 38

small benign cysts located in the cervix

Answer 38

nabothian cysts

Question 39

multiple cysts on both ovaries associated with masculinizing findings and affects young women; “string of pearls”

Answer 39

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) aka Stein Leventhal Disease