Liver Flashcards
Liver functions (10 total)
-metabolize carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
-storage of glucose as glycogen
-detoxification of waste, drugs, alcohol, chemicals, hormones
-production & secretion of bile
-production of albumin
-regulates heat
-clotting factors
-immune system support using kupffer cells
-filters blood
-fetal hematopoiesis
What vessels supplies blood to the liver
-Hepatic artery supplies 25% of livers blood
-Portal vein supplies 75% of livers blood
Liver ligaments
-Coronary Lig.
-Triangular Lig. (Lt/Rt)
-Falciform Lig.
-Round Lig. (Ligamentum Teres)
-Ligamentum Venosum
-Lesser Omentum
Attaches liver to diaphragm
coronary ligament
Houses Ligamentum Teres; anchors liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm
Falciform Ligament
remnant of obliterated left umbilical vein
Round Ligament
remnant of fetal ductus venosus; an open vessel during fetal development and closes after birth
Ligamentum Venosum
A groove that separates the right and left lobes. It runs obliquely between the gallbladder neck and the right portal vein.
Main Lobar Fissure
Consists of the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments
Lesser Omentum
subhepatic space between the right kidney and liver
Morrison’s Pouch
a fibroelastic connective tissue layer that surrounds the liver and the portal triads
glisson capsule
veins that run between segments (INTER), less reflective walls, enlarged toward IVC
Hepatic Veins
veins that run through segments (INTRA), dense borders of fibrofatty tissue (increased echogenicity)
Portal Veins
Labs used for liver diagnosis
-ALT & AST - - hepatocellular injury
-Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) - - cholestasis, bile duct obstruction.
-bilirubin (direct and indirect) - - jaundice, hemolysis (premature destruction of RBC’s)
-Albumin - - liver function
-Protein - - liver function
-Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) - - tumor/cancer marker
-Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - - tumor/cancer marker
aka liver hilum, where triads enter and exit liver
porta hepatis
tongue-like extension of inferior tip of right liver lobe extending beyond Rt. Kidney and reaching down to the iliac crest
Reidel’s Lobe
invasion of liver with fat, obscuring vasculature
fatty infiltration
high pressure/tension in venous and portal system and can lead to congestion of liver
Portal Hypertension
enlarged liver
Hepatomegaly
end stage liver failure due to heavy drinking or drug use; nodular, fibrosis, shrinking
cirrhosis
A benign tumor made up of a tangle of blood vessels, considered the most common liver pathology, congenital not genetic
cavernous hemangioma
A rare liver disease in the hepatic veins, which become blocked or narrowed, causing a back up of blood flow and hepatomegaly.
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
a fluid filled sac with well defined boarders, anechoic
simple cyst
A fluid filled or debris filled, irregular wall, hypoechoic (darker), heterogeneous
complex cyst
“Mickey Mouse” sign consists of
Main Portal Vein, Common Bile Duct, Hepatic Artery
A portion of the posterior surface of the liver is without a peritoneal covering.
Bare area
mitosis of cancer cells in the liver
mets
signs of acute inflammation in the liver
-excessive fluid
-increase hypoechoic
-bigger/chunky organ
-increase blood flow
-aliasing (mix of colors) on colorflow
signs of chronic inflammation in liver
-hypoechoic Sono graphically
-shrunken or smaller organ (from scaring, cells dying)
-Metastasis of cancer cells
Cells that protect the hepatocytes by engulfing, toxic or harmful substances
Kupffer cells
four lobes of the liver
Right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe, caudate lobe
located between the liver sinusoids and hepatocytes, this space plays a key role in the exchange of substances between the blood in the sinusoids and the liver cells.
The space of Disse
Broad term for a lump, which could be benign or malignant
mass
a collection of pus caused by infection
abscess
Benign turmor
adenoma
General term for any abnormal or damaged tissue
Lesion
Fluid filled sack that is usually not infected; can be either simple or complex
Cyst
aka myoma, leiomyoma, benign and common
fibroids
Thickening of the endometrium due to early cancer
hyperplasia
