Liver Flashcards

1
Q

Liver functions (10 total)

A

-metabolize carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
-storage of glucose as glycogen
-detoxification of waste, drugs, alcohol, chemicals, hormones
-production & secretion of bile
-production of albumin
-regulates heat
-clotting factors
-immune system support using kupffer cells
-filters blood
-fetal hematopoiesis

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2
Q

What vessels supplies blood to the liver

A

-Hepatic artery supplies 25% of livers blood
-Portal vein supplies 75% of livers blood

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3
Q

Liver ligaments

A

-Coronary Lig.
-Triangular Lig. (Lt/Rt)
-Falciform Lig.
-Round Lig. (Ligamentum Teres)
-Ligamentum Venosum
-Lesser Omentum

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4
Q

Attaches liver to diaphragm

A

coronary ligament

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5
Q

Houses Ligamentum Teres; anchors liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

A

Falciform Ligament

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6
Q

remnant of obliterated left umbilical vein

A

Round Ligament

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7
Q

remnant of fetal ductus venosus; an open vessel during fetal development and closes after birth

A

Ligamentum Venosum

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8
Q

A groove that separates the right and left lobes. It runs obliquely between the gallbladder neck and the right portal vein.

A

Main Lobar Fissure

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9
Q

Consists of the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

A

Lesser Omentum

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10
Q

subhepatic space between the right kidney and liver

A

Morrison’s Pouch

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11
Q

a fibroelastic connective tissue layer that surrounds the liver and the portal triads

A

glisson capsule

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12
Q

veins that run between segments (INTER), less reflective walls, enlarged toward IVC

A

Hepatic Veins

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13
Q

veins that run through segments (INTRA), dense borders of fibrofatty tissue (increased echogenicity)

A

Portal Veins

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14
Q

Labs used for liver diagnosis

A

-ALT & AST - - hepatocellular injury
-Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) - - cholestasis, bile duct obstruction.
-bilirubin (direct and indirect) - - jaundice, hemolysis (premature destruction of RBC’s)
-Albumin - - liver function
-Protein - - liver function
-Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) - - tumor/cancer marker
-Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - - tumor/cancer marker

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15
Q

aka liver hilum, where triads enter and exit liver

A

porta hepatis

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16
Q

tongue-like extension of inferior tip of right liver lobe extending beyond Rt. Kidney and reaching down to the iliac crest

A

Reidel’s Lobe

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17
Q

invasion of liver with fat, obscuring vasculature

A

fatty infiltration

18
Q

high pressure/tension in venous and portal system and can lead to congestion of liver

A

Portal Hypertension

19
Q

enlarged liver

A

Hepatomegaly

20
Q

end stage liver failure due to heavy drinking or drug use; nodular, fibrosis, shrinking

21
Q

A benign tumor made up of a tangle of blood vessels, considered the most common liver pathology, congenital not genetic

A

cavernous hemangioma

22
Q

A rare liver disease in the hepatic veins, which become blocked or narrowed, causing a back up of blood flow and hepatomegaly.

A

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

23
Q

a fluid filled sac with well defined boarders, anechoic

A

simple cyst

24
Q

A fluid filled or debris filled, irregular wall, hypoechoic (darker), heterogeneous

A

complex cyst

25
“Mickey Mouse” sign consists of
Main Portal Vein, Common Bile Duct, Hepatic Artery
26
A portion of the posterior surface of the liver is without a peritoneal covering.
Bare area
27
mitosis of cancer cells in the liver
mets
28
signs of acute inflammation in the liver
-excessive fluid -increase hypoechoic -bigger/chunky organ -increase blood flow -aliasing (mix of colors) on colorflow
29
signs of chronic inflammation in liver
-hypoechoic Sono graphically -shrunken or smaller organ (from scaring, cells dying) -Metastasis of cancer cells
30
Cells that protect the hepatocytes by engulfing, toxic or harmful substances
Kupffer cells
31
four lobes of the liver
Right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe, caudate lobe
32
located between the liver sinusoids and hepatocytes, this space plays a key role in the exchange of substances between the blood in the sinusoids and the liver cells.
The space of Disse
33
Broad term for a lump, which could be benign or malignant
mass
34
a collection of pus caused by infection
abscess
35
Benign turmor
adenoma
36
General term for any abnormal or damaged tissue
Lesion
37
Fluid filled sack that is usually not infected; can be either simple or complex
Cyst
38
aka myoma, leiomyoma, benign and common
fibroids
39
Thickening of the endometrium due to early cancer
hyperplasia
40