Biliary system Flashcards
Not essential for life; contains the Spiral valves of Heister
Gallbladder
GB layers (4 layers from inner to outer)
-mucosa
- Lamina propria (fibromuscular layer)
-Muscularis
-serosa
Gallbladder size and wall
-GB 8-12cm
-GB wall 2-3mm
is the gateway that controls the passage of bile and prevents from from backflow
sphincter of Oddi
endocrine vs exocrine
-endocrine secret hormones, ductless, and travel by blood
-exocrine secret enzymes, travels with ducts, used in digestion
hormone CCK full name
cholecystokinin
this organ is both an endocrine and exocrine organ
pancreas
which vessels bring deoxygenated blood to the liver
portal vein
which branches of the GB are considered extrahepatic and intrahepatic
-cystic duct and CHD are intrahepatic
-CBD is extrahepatic
CBD courses inferiority under the pancreas and empties into the duodenum via
ampulla of Vater
indentation where the GB is normally situated
gallbladder fossa
function of the GB
store bile
function of CCK
signals sphincter of Oddi to relax, GB to contract
bile composition (most abundant to least, 5 total)
-water
-bile salts
-cholesterol
-bile acid
-pigment (bilirubin and bilverdin)
If there’s an obstruction in GB/CBD a patients feces will be what color and why
the feces will have a grayish color because the intestines are not getting its bilirubin and bilverdin
different types of GB abnormalities (8 total)
-septation
-agenosis
-hourglass
-junction fold
-choledochalcyst
-Phrygian cap
-Hartmann pouch
-bilobed
what is a positive murphy’s sign
severe pain in RUQ, clear indication of GB stones
difference between GB stones, sludge, GB polyp
-GB stones are mobile, round, solid, sonographic shadowing
-sludge is mobile, the beginning of stone formation, viscous bile, attenuation
-polyp is attached to the anterior wall of the GB, color flow will show blood flow, well defined, no shadowing
Cholelitheasis
GB stones
cholecystitis
inflammation of GB wall over 3mm
acalculous cholecystitis
no stones, bacteria causing infection, thickened GB wall
choledocholithiasis
stones in the CBD
Overall length of pancreas
12-18cm
the two ducts within the pancreas
-duct of Wirsung (pancreatic duct)
-Duct of Santorini (accessory duct)
5 segments of the pancreas
-head
-neck
-uncinate process
-body
-tail
Sonographic appearance of pancreas
slightly more echogenic (hyperechoic) than liver, homogeneous, smooth boarders
location of GDA and CBD on pancreas
-GDA is posterior lateral on the head of pancreas
-CBD is anterior lateral on the head of pancreas
what is directly posterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas
-SMV and SV (Portal Splenic Confluence)
which artery supplies the majority of blood flow to the pancreas
splenic artery
what percentage of the pancreas is endocrine and exocrine
-10% endocrine
-90% exocrine
which hormones are produced by the pancreas
insulin(beta) and glucAgon(Alpha)
enzymes made by pancreas; “Tri A Lip Pro”
-Tripsin
-Amylase
-Lipase
-Protease
branches of the Celiac Artery
”LGA-CHA-SPA”
-LGA (Lt. Gastric A.)
-CHA (Common Hepatic A.)
-SPA (Splenic A.)
escaping enzymes that form fluid collections, cystic to those with debris, no distinct boarders, brought on by trauma or pancreatitis
psuedocysts
acronym for retroperitoneal organs SADPUCKER
-suprarenal gland
-AO
-duodenum (except for prox 2cm of duodenum)
-pancreas
-ureters
-colon (ascending & descending only)
-kidneys
-esophagus
-rectum
cancer that forms in the glandular tissue, which lines certain internal organs and makes/releases substances in the body such as mucus, digestive juices, and other fluids. Most common cancer of breasts, lungs, esophagus, pancreas, uterus, etc.
adenocarcinoma
Function of the red pulp in the pancreas
phagocytosis
Stores RBC’s, not essential for life, peritoneal structure, aids in blood filtration and phagocytosis, superior lateral to left kidney, lymphoid organ
spleen
function of the white pulp of the spleen
-Lymphoid tissue for ingestion/digestion of harmful pathogens that has entered the bloodstream
normal size of the spleen
8-13cm
normal lab for spleen
-Hematocrit: decrease indicates possible internal bleeding
-Bacteremia: Positive= bacteria in blood= sepsis
-Leukocytosis: increase in leukocytes above 10,000 = infection
-Leukopenia: decrease in leukocytes below 5,000 = reaction of certain drugs or bone marrow disorder
-Thrombocytopenia: decrease in thrombocytes/platelets between 150,000-350,000 due to internal hemorrhage
