Renal

Question 1

What is used to confirm the diagnosis of a recent streptococcal infection for post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

anti-streptolysin O titre - This measures antibodies against streptolysin O, a substance produced by group A streptococcus bacteria.

Question 2

Give 3 causes of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer 2

• HIV
• Heroin
• sickle-cell

Question 3

Describe the histological findings of membranous glomerulonephritis on renal biopsy

Answer 3

• light microscopy: basement membrane thickening
• electron microscopy: subepithelial electron dense deposits (spike and dome)