Obs

Question 1

What is the most important parameter to monitor when administering magnesium sulphate for eclampsia

Answer 1

Respiratory rate as it can cause respiratory depression

Question 2

Features of erb’s palsy

Answer 2

• damage to the upper brachial plexus
• adduction and internal rotation of the arm, with pronation of the forearm

Question 3

normal pregnancy can cause a raise in with liver enzyme

Answer 3

ALP - Alkaline phosphatase

Question 4

3 causes of oligohydramnios

Answer 4

• pre-eclampsia
• premature rupture of membranes
• Potter sequence: bilateral renal agenesis + pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 5

Symptoms of pre-eclampsia

Answer 5

• Headaches
• Oedema
• epigastric pain
• brisk reflexes
• decreased urine output

Question 6

Ways to assess fetal growth

Answer 6

• abdominal circumference
• Palpation of foetal head on abdominal
  examination
• Measuring the size of the uterus (symphysis fundal height)
• femur length

Question 7

Is nitrofurantoin safe to use in pregnancy

Answer 7

should be avoided in the 3rd trimester as there is a risk of haemolytic anaemia in neonate with G6PD deficiency

Question 8

How long should antibiotics be given for premature preterm rupture of membranes

Answer 8

10 days

Question 9

Neonatal complications of maternal chlamydia

Answer 9

• chorioamnionitis
• prelabour rupture of membranes
• neonatal pneumonia
• neonatal conjunctivitis

Question 10

Features of congenital syphilis

Answer 10

• rash
• generalised lymphadenopathy
• skeletal malformations
• hepatosplenomegaly

Question 11

What is crown rump length used for in ultrasound?

Answer 11

used to estimate gestational age and indicate the presence of a heartbeat

Question 12

When is the best time to measure crown rump length for accurate dating?

Answer 12

between 7 and 9 weeks of gestation, using a transvaginal scan

Question 13

What crown rump length measurement is associated with the presence of a heartbeat?

Answer 13

When an embryo’s CRL is 7 mm or more, a heartbeat is expected, indicating a viable pregnancy.

Question 14

What does it indicate if no heartbeat is detected when the crown rump length is 7 mm or more?

Answer 14

usually a sign of miscarriage

Question 15

What examination is contraindicated in pregnant women with suspected placenta praevia

Answer 15

digital vaginal examinations

Question 16

Describe the process of fetal descent through the birth canal

Answer 16

Descent, engagement, flexion, internal rotation, crowning, extension of presenting part, external rotation of head, delivery

Question 17

At what amniotic fluid index would a pregnancy be diagnosed with polyhydramnios

Answer 17

Greater than 24cm ( or 2000ml+)

Question 18

Most common cause of polyhydramnios

Answer 18

most cases are idiopathic

Question 19

When are pregnancy women offered screening for anaemia

Answer 19

• booking visit (8-12w)
• 28 week appointment

Question 20

Non-immune causes of fetal hydrops

Answer 20

• Severe anaemia – congenital parvovirus B19 infection, alpha thalassaemia major, massive
  materno-feto haemorrhage
  ● Cardiac abnormalities
  ● Chromosomal – Trisomy 13, 18, 21, or Turners
  ● Infection – toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, varicella
  ● Twin- Twin transfusion syndrome (in the recipient twin)
  ● Chorioangioma

Question 21

RFs of obstetric cholestasis

Answer 21

• hepatitis C
• multiple pregnancy
• obstetric cholestasis in previous pregnancy
• gallstones

Question 22

what nerve roots are involved in erb’s palsy

Answer 22

C5-C6 - arm paralysis or weakness

Question 23

what nerve roots are involved in Klumpke’s palsy

Answer 23

C8-T1