Paeds Flashcards
What should be used to treat children with pneumonia if mycoplasma is suspected
A macrolide e.g. erythromicin
Features of Roseola infantum
high fever: lasting a few days, followed later by a
maculopapular rash
febrile seizures common
diarrhoea and cough are commonly seen
most likely causative agent of a bacterial pneumonia in children
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What does otorrhoea in a child with acute otitis media indicate
perforation of the tympanic membrane
Common cause of bacterial otitis media
- Streptococcus pneumonaie
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
When should children presenting with glue ear be referred to ENT
background of Down’s syndrome or cleft palate
What type of hearing loss occurs in glue ear
conductive hearing loss
What imaging should be done for suspected infantile spasms
EEG - hypsarrhythmia is commonly found
Management of a child < 3 years presenting with an acute limp
Urgent assessment
When is suboptimal SpO2 readings expected from a healthy neonate
In first 10 minutes of life
Triad of haemolytic uraemic disease
AKI
thrombocytopenia normocytic anaemia
What would arterial blood gas show in a child with severe diarrhoea or vomiting
metabolic alkalosis
Features of Infectious mononucleosis
- sore throat
- fevers
- lymphadenopathy
Give 2 recognised areas which are protected from chemotherapeutic agents
Testes and CNS
Treatment of sick cell anaemia
- prophylactic
penicillin - Hydroxycarbamide - prevent vaso-occlusive complications
- Blood
transfusions - Stem cell transplantation
What investigation should be used to monitor treatment response of Hodgkin lymphoma to chemotherapy
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Diagnosis of duodenal atresia
Abdo XR - double bubble sign
contrast study may confirm
What is the initial treatment for DKA if a child has nausea/ vomiting and is not alert?
- rehydration with IV fluids (0.9% NaCl 10ml/kg) + SC insulin (0.1units/kg/hr)
- dehydration in children should be corrected over 48 hours
- insulin should be started after IV fluids have been running for 1 hour
Blood test abnormalities seen in diabetic ketoacidosis
- hyperglycaemia
- ketonemia
- mildly raised creatinine kinase
- acidosis
- hyperkalaemia
- sodium may be normal or slightly raised
- bicarbonate < 15 mmol/l (low)
Most common causative organisms of meningitis in neonates
- Group B streptococcus
- Escherichia coli
- listeria monocytogenes
When does cavernous haemangioma often present
often not present at birth, but appears in the first
month of life
What is the first line treatment for faecal impaction
macrogol laxative - Movicol
Management of idiopathic thrombocytopenia
- Safety net and explain it typically runs a benign course and the majority of cases will have resolved spontaneously after 6-8 weeks
- prednisolone is only used in severe cases
Name the surgical procedure used to treat Hirschsprung’s disease
Swenson procedure
Name the surgical procedure used to treat symptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum
wedge excision
Investigation of choice for intussusception
abdominal ultrasound
Features suggestive of hypernatraemic dehydration
jittery movements
increased muscle tone
hyperreflexia
convulsions
drowsiness or coma
Blood test results indicative of Gilbert’s syndrome
- unconjugated bilirubin
- normal liver enzyme levels
first line management of GORD in a formula fed baby
trial of feed thickener
first line management of GORD in a breastfed baby
trial of an alginate (e.g. Gaviscon)
Second line pharmacological management for ADHD
Lisdexamfetamine
treatment for viral induced wheeze
inhaled salbutamol and reassurance
commonest cause of stridor in a neonate
Laryngomalacia
What is the commonest cause of respiratory distress in the newborn period
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
RF for Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
caesarean sections
When should the Apgar score be assessed
- 1 and 5 minutes of age.
- If the score is low then it is again repeated at 10 minutes
What are the features of the APGAR score
Activity (muscle tone)
Pulse
Grimace (reflex irritability)
Appearance (skin colour)
Respiratory effort
Investigations for neonatal sepsis
- FBC
- CRP
- Blood culture
- blood gases
- lumbar puncture - if concern of meningitis
