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Peds Boards > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q
  • patient with recent exercise
  • grossly bloody urine
  • UA with 0-2 RBCs
A

Myloglobinuria

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2
Q
  • repeat microscopic hematuria
  • calcium/Cr ratio > 0.25
  • may be on Lasix
  • may present with abdominal pain and dysuria
  • check RUS
A

Hypercalciuria

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3
Q
  • microscopic hematuria after an MVA or sports injury
  • one day old with palpable flank mass
  • unilateral flank mass onUS
  • hydronephrosis on CT
A

UPJ obstruction

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4
Q
  • proteinuria present during the daytime but disappears when the pt has been laying down
  • negative fresh urine sample upon waking and a subsequent positive one
A

Orthostatic hematuria

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5
Q
  • x-linked dominant
  • BL sensorineural hearing loss, ocular defects, ultimate renal failure
  • MC in males
A

Alport Syndrome

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6
Q
  • enlarged kidney with non communicating cysts and thin parenchyma
  • unilateral flank mass
  • oligohydramnios and minimal fluid in the bladder
  • associated with UPJ obstruction, VUR, PUV, megaureter and duplications
  • VCUG to r/o comorbid abnl
  • RUS best initial study to order
  • associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis and portal HTN (hematemesis, palpable liver, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly)
A

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Disease

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7
Q

-associated with intracranial aneurysms

A

ADPKD

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8
Q
  • autosomal recessive
  • polyuria, enuresis, polydipsia, hyposthenuria
  • short stature, retinitis pigmentosa, anemia
A

Juvenile-onset Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease

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9
Q
  • MC cause of urinary retention in females
  • mass protruding from the urethral meatus
  • dysuria, hematuria, abd pain
A

Ureterocele

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10
Q
  • Grade 1 or 2: no Tx, periodic cultures
  • Grade 3: PPx Abx with f/u VCUG
  • Grade 4 or 5: surgery
  • females need PPx cultures
A

VUR

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11
Q
  • palpable bladder, weak urinary system
  • prenatal US with hydronephrosis and reduced renal parenchyma
  • pass a catheter
  • immediate urological correction
  • risk for renal failure within 5 years
  • occurs exclusively in males
A

PUV

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12
Q
  • Dx: > 100K colonies
  • MC E.coli, also klebsiella, enterococcus, adenovirus
  • RUS indicated if pyelo, newborn, male
A

UTI

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13
Q
  • no abdominal musculature
  • prone to chronic UTIs, dilated ureters, and large bladders
  • newborn with decreased UOP, soft abd musculature, undescended testicles, and distended bladder
A

Eagle Barrett

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14
Q
  • hypoproteinemia, proteinuria, edema
  • -MC: minimal change disease
  • MC ages 2-8 in males
  • decreased UOP, abd pain, and weight gain
  • nl renal function
  • hypercoagulable
  • lose Ig, albumin, and thyroxine binding globulin resulting in immunodeficiency, hypocalcemia, and hypothyroidism
A

Nephrotic syndrome

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15
Q

-presence of RBC casts

A

glomerular disease

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16
Q

Red Urine
Oliguria
Proteinuria
Elevated BPP and BUN

A

Glomerulonephritis

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17
Q

Post-strep GN
Membranoproliferative GN
SLE

A

low complement levels

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18
Q
  • loss of foot processes
  • responds to Prednisone
  • many go onto remission in adolescence
A

Minimal Change Disease

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19
Q
  • MC in teenagers
  • leads to progressive renal failure
  • unpresponsive to steroids
A

FSGS

20
Q
  • low C3

- requires aggressive treatment to prevent renal failure

A

Membranoproliferative GN

21
Q
  • result of throat or skin infx
  • HTN, edema, and hematuria
  • low albumin due to hemodilution
  • C3 low for up to 2 months
  • Tx: supportive, fluid restriction
A

Post-strep GN

22
Q
  • hematuria > 8wk
  • low serum complement persisting
  • HTN
  • proteinuria
  • abnl renal fxn
A

Reasons to biopsy

23
Q
  • elevated serum IgA
  • IgA deposits on renal Bx
  • children younger than 10
  • gross painless hematuria several days after an URI
  • mild abd pain
  • persistent proteinuria indicates worsening disease
A

IgA nephropathy

24
Q
  • FTT
  • anemia (decr erythropoietin)
  • metabolic acidosis (bicarb loss, decreased acid excretion)
  • secondary hyperparathyroidism (elevated Phos, low Ca)
  • uremia (high BUN)
  • HTN (salt and water retention, incr renin)
  • neuro abnl (mental status changes, seizures, peripheral neuropathies)
  • hypocalcemia (decreased calcitriol)
  • Derm issures (dry skin, pruritis, bruising)
A

Chronic renal failure

25
Q
  • hemolytic anemia
  • renal failure
  • thrombocytopenia
  • present with anemia and pallor, abd pain, decr UOP, purpura and ecchymoses, seizures, lethargy, HTN
  • caused by E. coli (meat and milk)
  • Tx: replacement of insensible losses
A

HUS

26
Q
  • BP >95%ile fro age and sex, taken on 3 separate occasions
  • use appropriate size cuff
  • check BUN and Cr
A

HTN

27
Q 
Polycystic Kidney Disease
O (zero) Enzyme (11 hydroxylase deficiency)
Urinary Reflux Nephropathy
Neonatal problem (BPD)
Deficiency (17 hydroxylase)

Heart (Coarc, Renal artery stenosis)
Adrenal (pheo)
Reflux nephropathy (again)
Difficult to fit in (Cushingoid)

A

Risk factors for HTN

28
Q
  • family history of HTN

- short obese patient

A

Renal or Endocrine problem

29
Q

-h/o prematurity with HTN

A

Renal injury 2/2 umbilical catheterization

30
Q

-HTN with joint pain, swelling

A

Connective Tissue Disorder like Lupus

31
Q

-HTN with flushing, palpitations, fever, and weight loss

A

Pheochromocytoma

32
Q

–HTN with muscle cramps, wekaness

A

Hypokalemia 2/2 hyperaldosteronism

33
Q

-HTN onset with sexual development

A

One of the enzyme deficiencies

34
Q

-HTN with pale color and edema

A

Renal disease

35
Q
  • HTN with pale color, increased sweating at rest, flushing, abdominal mass
  • Tx: alpha blockade
  • B blockers are contraindicated (unopposed alpha effect) cause worsening HTN
A

Pheochromocytoma

36
Q

-HTN with wide spaced nipples and webbing of the neck

A

Turner Syndrome (Coarc)

37
Q

-HTN with Elfin facies

A

Williams Syndrome (AS)

38
Q

-HTN with decreased femoral pulses or low BP in legs v arms

A

Coarc

39
Q

-causes of dysuria in a preadolescent female

A

Pinworms
Poor hygeine
Trauma
Vaginitis

40
Q

-dysuria in an adolescent female who is not sexually active

A

UTI

41
Q

-dysuria in an adolescent female who is sexually active

A

UTI

GC/CT

42
Q

-dysuria in an adolescent male

A

GC/CT

43
Q

-child’s age +2

A

Bladder capacity

44
Q

-UOP 1-2mL/kg/day

A

Infant UOP

45
Q

-population with increased FeNa

A

Neonates

Peds Boards (23 decks)

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