Allergy/Immunology Flashcards
Antibody mediated allergic response
Type II Allergic Reaction
IgE mediated (anaphylactic) allergic reaction
Type I Allergic Response
Immune Complex Deposition
Type III Allergic Reaction
Delayed Hypersensitivity (Poison Ivy) Reaction
Type IV Allergic Reaction
Recurrent pyogenic infections
B cell (Ab) dysfunction
Chronic or recurrent candida infection (nails, scalp, or mouth)
T cell dysfunction
- Eczema and petichiae (thrombocytopenia)
- X-linked
- low IgM
- humoral and cellular immunodeficiency
- autoimmune disease and malignancy
- Tx: manage bleeding and infx, BMT
Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome
- absence of lymphoid tissue
- defect in B and T cell function
- dermatitis, diarrhea, FTT, thrush, otitis, LTI
- low normal WBC
- Dx: analysis of T, B, and NK cell subsets
- Tx: BMT
- also adenosine deaminase deficincy
SCID
-absence of thymic shadow Cardiac defects Abnl face (low set ears) Thymic hypoplasia Cleft palate Hypocalcemia (tetany) 22- long arm of Xsome 22
DiGeorge Syndrome
- “ataxia” w/ discoloration of the conjunctiva
- frequent sinus infx
Ataxia Telangectasia
- No B cells
- decr lymphoid tissue
- recurrent infx with encapsulated pyogenic bacteria (pseudomonas, S. pneumo, H. flu)- pna, otitis
- X-linked
- low IgGAMEs–>B&T cell subsets
- require IVIG
Bruton’s X-linked agammaglobulinemia
- defective Ab response
- B lymphocytes don’t differentiate
- deficiency of Ig sub-types
- may have T cell defects too
- recurrent URTI, LRTI, herpes zoster
- associated with autoimmune disease, lymphoma and EBV
- require IVIG
CVID
- recurrent overwhelming meningococcal disease
- most are autosomal recessive
Complement deficiency
- T cell abnl prevents IgM–>IgG
- absence of CD 40 ligand
- disruption of B cell differentiation
- frequent otitis, sinopulmonary infx, diarrhea, and opportunistic infx
- low IgG, A, E, incr IgM
- X linked (males)
- Tx: IVIG
Hyper IgM
- MC immunodeficiency
- recurrent sinopulmonary infx
IgA deficiency
- eosinophilia, eczema, incr IgE
- recurrent sinus infx, thrush, fractures, skeletal abnl, sinopulmonary infx
- Tx: Abx, steroids
Job Syndrome (Hyper IgE)
- decr T-helper function–>decr IgG, IgA
- manifests by 6 months
- outgrow by 3-6 years
- no intrinsic B cell deficiency
Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy
- disorder of phagocyte function
- cannot kill bacteria ad fungi
- 2/3 X-linked, 1/3 AR
- present by age 5
- skin, GI, lung, liver, lymph node, and spleen infx
- granulomas of skin, GI, GU
- Dx: NTB test
- Tx: Abx & interferon gamma
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- defect in chemotaxis
- high WBC
- perirectal abscess, skin infx, omphalitis
- no pus and minimal inflammation
- delayed wound healing (umbilical cord separation)
- Tx: BMT
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
- fevers, wt loss, night sweats, malaise
- decr CD4 count
- incr Ig in 1st year
- must receive PCP PPx
- Tx: 2 nucleosidase analogs and a protease inhibitor
HIV
-nucleosidase analog
Zidovudine
-reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Nevirapine
-Protease inhibitor
Indinavir
-tests neutrophil activity (not number)
NBT (Nitroblue Tetrazdium)
-tests the complement system
CH50
-tests for cell mediated immunity associated with T cell defects
TB/Candida skin test
-tests the humoral system
IgGAMEs
-tests the ability of the cells to migrate in LAD
Rebuck Skin Window
