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ID Flashcards

0
Q

-MC cause of peritonitis in a dialysis pt or pt with VP shunt

A

Staph epi

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1
Q
  • infx that occurs with nephrotic syndrome & cirrhosis
  • pneumococcus in nephrotic kids
  • Tx: CTX & aminoglycoside
A

Primary Spontaneous Peritonitis

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2
Q

-MC cause of bacteremia

A

Strep pneumo

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3
Q

-MC cause of septicemia in neonates (<1mo)

A
  1. GBS
  2. E. coli
  3. Strep pneumo
  4. S. aureus
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4
Q

-MC cause of septicemia in infants (1-12 mos)

A
  1. GBS
  2. Strep pneumo
  3. S. aureus
  4. Salmonella
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5
Q

-MC cause of septicemia in immunocompromised pts

A
  1. Gram neg bacilli

2. Staph

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6
Q

-MC cause of septicemia in asplenic pts (i.e. sickle cell)

A

-Strep pneumo

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7
Q
  • decr plts
  • decr fibrinogen
  • incr D-dimer (most specific)
  • incr coags

Tx: clotting factors and plts

A

DIC

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8
Q

-PPx for household contacts & close contacts of pts w meningococcemia

A
  1. Rifampin q12 x2d
  2. CTX x1
  3. Cipro x1 (>18 yo)
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9
Q 
BINS
B (GBS)
Influenza/Hib
Neisseria meningiditis
Strep pneumo
A

+ Latex agglutination

picture a bunch of latex gloves in a giant bin

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10
Q
  • ground glass appearance on Xray
  • pts on Bactrim PPx
  • h/o HIV, transplant
A

Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP)

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11
Q
  • long lasting, non-bloody, watery, diarrhea
  • common in immunocompromised pts
  • Tx: huma immune globulin or bovine colostrum
  • in healthy children: nitazoxanide
A

Cryptosporidium

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12
Q

-PPx for neutropenic fever

A

Zosyn & aminoglycoside OR Ceftaz

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13
Q
  • a child with acute abd obstruction & appendicitis-like Sx who emigrated from a tropical region
  • Tx: albendazle X1
    Mebendazole x3
    Ivermectin
A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

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14
Q
  • newborn w/ afebrile “staccato” cough & tachypnea w/wo eye DC
  • intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
  • Dx w/ PCR or Ab test
  • Tx: oral or IV erythromycin (not eye gtts or sulfa)
A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

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15
Q
  • MC fatal tick borne dz in the US
  • fevers, myalgias, headache, and petichial rash starting on the extremities
  • peaks in May or June
  • Dx: direct immunofluorescence of skin Bx
  • Tx: doxycycline (all ages)
A

Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever

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16
Q
  • pna but no rash
  • spread by inhalation of particles
  • 5d flu-like Sx -> resp Sx
  • Tx: doxycycline
  • barnyard animals
A

Q fever (Coxiella burnetti)

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17
Q
  • causes amebiasis
  • dysentery 1-2 wks abd pain, diarrhea, & tenesmus
  • liver or brain abscess or lung dz
  • stool cx: hematophagous trophozoites & hemoccult
  • Tx: Flagyl & iodoquinol
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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18
Q
  • hepatomegaly & GI pain & wheezing
  • exposure to dogs & cats
  • eosinophilia
  • “child eating dirt”
  • Ex: ELISA
  • Tx: mebendazole
A

Toxocariasis

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19
Q
  • cat scratch fever
  • LAD
  • Tx: azithromycin>Cipro>Bactrim
  • **Avoid I&D
A

Bartonella henslae

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20
Q
  • unimmunized child
  • sepsis, meningitis, epiglottitis
  • gram neg pleomorphic organism
  • Tx: CTX
  • **encapsulated organism
  • PPx: Rifampin unless >4 & immunized
A

H. influenzae

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21
Q

3 phases:

  1. incubation: asymptomatic (1 wk)
  2. cattharal stage: rhinorrhea, anorexia, cough, fever (1 wk)
  3. paroxysmal: cough, cyanosis, & apnea (1-3 mo)
    - Dx: Cx & immunofluorescence
    - Tx: azithro (decr communicability)
    - incr WBC + incr L + cough
A

Pertussis

22
Q

-summer picnic 1-2 d prior to watery diarrhea, vomiting, & fever
-chix & human carriers
-Dx: stool Cx
-Tx: uncomlicated- unnecessary
>3mo or immunocompromised- Amox, Bactrim, Cefotax, or Cipro

A

Salmonella

23
Q
  • causes osteomyelitis/chondritis as a result of puncture wounds, otitis externa, & VAP
  • Tx: Ceftaz, or Gent, Tobra, Cefepime
A

Pseudomonas

24
Q
  • child on a dairy farm with fever & myalgia
  • transmitted by milk and dairy
  • Dx: Ab test
  • Tx: tetracycline or Bactrim & Rifampin
A

Brucellosis

25
Q
  • severe diarrhea after Clinda or Abx
  • Heme + stools, mucously diarrhea
  • Tx; po Flagyl or po Vanco
A

C. diff colitis

26
Q

-when to give GBS PPx

A
  1. prev infant with invasive GBS
  2. GBS bacteremia during pregnancy
    • GBS screen
  4. unknown GBS + <37 wks, ROM >18h, fever >38
27
Q
  • diplopia, dysphagia, dysarthria, dying to pee (urinary retention)
  • poor feeding, ptosis, constipation
  • toxin blocks the release of Ach into the synapse
  • Tx: supportive & antitoxin
A

Botulism

28
Q

-maculopapular rash, HSM, & peeling skin in a newborn
-sniffles, bullous lesions, & osteochondritis
Tx: PCN if mom Tx’d < 1mo ago
if not Tx’d w/ PCN, or if baby’s titers higher than mom’s

A

Congenital Syphilis

29
Q
  • decr Hb, decr plts, hematuria
  • incr UN/Cr, decr UOP, bloody diarrhea
  • associated with E. coli
A

HUS

30
Q
  • septic newborn
  • mom w/ fever & flu Sx
  • placenta w/ white nodules
  • Tx: Amp & Gent
A

Listeria monocytogenes

31
Q
  • septic newborn +/- preterm delivery

- exposure to animals

A

Camphylobacter

32
Q
  • fever, HSM, rash, & LAD
  • exposure to rabbits
  • Tx: gent (streptomycin, tetracyclines, Cipro)
A

Tularemia

33
Q
  • Bubonic plague
  • swollen painful LAD
  • exposure to dead animals
  • septicemia, pulmonary ore meningeal
  • Tx: streptomycin & gent (doxy, tetra, chloramphenicol)
A

Yersinia pestis

34
Q 
Y (widespread immunosuppresion)
Extensive burns
Antibiotics
Suppressed immunity
TPN use
A

Systemic candidiasis

35
Q
  • causes pulmonary dz & meningitis
  • AIDS associated
  • exposure to bird droppings
  • encapsulated yeast
  • Tx: AmphoB & Fluconazole OR Flucytosine (for resistant)
A

Cryptococcus

36
Q
  • flu-like Sx: fever, night sweats, HA, chest pain, aches
  • travel to CA, AZ, TX
  • Tx: AmphoB or fluconazole
A

Coccidiomycoses

37
Q
  • “asthmatic” with worsening Sx despite Tx
  • eosinophils & infiltrates on CXR
  • Tx: voriconazole or Ampho B
A

Aspergillosis

38
Q
  • flu Sx, HSM
  • Ohio, Missisippi river valley
  • bird or bat droppings
  • Tx: supportive OR Ampho B
A

Histioplasmosis

39
Q
  • lymphocutaneous manifestations(ulcer on finger with a chain of nodules parallel to lymph channel) w/wo knee pain
  • walk in a nursery or tree farm
A

Sporotrichosis

Sporothrix schenckii

40
Q 
Chorio retinitis
Cerebral calcification a
Center (peri ventricular)
Culture (urine)
Censorineural hearing loss
Also, thrombocytopenia (blueberry)
Tx: ganciclovir(causes bone marrow suppression)
A

Congenital cmv

41
Q
  • Sx: fever, mental status changes, HA
  • Dx: CSF pleocytosis, incr protein, nl glucose
  • late spring and early summer
  • transmitted by ticks and mosquitos
  • Dx: virus specific IgM
A

Arboviruses

  • St. Louis
  • LaCross
  • W&E equine
  • California
  • west Nile
  • Colorado tick fever
42
Q
  • meningitis
  • underwear
  • muscle aches
  • pancreatitis
  • swelling of parotid

Low grade fever, non-toxic

A

Mumps

43
Q

-fever, toxic-appearing with parotid tenderness and swelling

A

Bacterial parotitis

44
Q
  • HHV-6
  • 3-5 days high fever, then mac-pap rash will appear
  • may have febrile seizures
A

Roseola infantum

45
Q
  • congenital cataracts and PDA

- low grade fever, mac-pap rash, LAD, non toxic appearing

A

Rubella (German measles)

46
Q
  • fever, cough, coryza, confluent rash, koplick spots, conjunctivitis
  • most contagious 5d before and after rash occurs
  • PPx IgG within 3d of exposure for IC pts or by 6d in children <1yr
A

Measles (rubeola)

47
Q
  • parvovirus b19
  • hydrops fetalis, aplastic crisis
  • spread by droplets
  • fever, sore throat, rhinorrhea, malaise followed by slapped cheek rash
  • may be accompanied by polyarthropathy
A

Fifths disease (erythema infectiosum)

48
Q
  • sz in the newborn period
  • temporal bone involvement
  • sepsis and meningitis
  • Dx: PCR
A

HSV

49
Q
  • chronic non specific Sx of weight loss, fever, night sweats, thrush
  • Dx DNA by PCR
  • most common mode of transmission is vertical
  • Tx with AZT
  • Sx: recurrent bacterial infx, HSM, ftt, dd, cognitive impairment
  • screen at birth, 2, 4, & 6 mo with PCR
A

HIV

50
Q
  • Sx: conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, LAD, intusucception

- summer months

A

Adenovirus

51
Q

Serum galactomannan tests for this

A

Aspergillus

52
Q

Patient treated with Amox for 1 week

  • swollen lymph nodes
  • periarticular swelling
  • dusky urticaria like lesions
A

Serum sickness like reaction

53
Q
  • skin lesion caused by prolonged exposure to cold objects
  • bluish red nodules
  • resolve within weeks
A

Cold panniculitis

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