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Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q
  • clustered or grouped vesicles on an erythematous base
  • MC on butt or scalp where pH probe was
  • Dx: Wright stain: multinucleated giant cells and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions
  • Tx: IV Acyclovir
A

HSV

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2
Q

-vesicles in a linear pattern without an erythematous base

A

Incontinentia pigmenti

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3
Q
  • multiple pustules, brown macules, vesicles and pustules on a non-erythematous base
  • Tzank smear: sheets of NEUTROPHILS
  • No Tx
A

Neonatal Pustular Melanosis

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4
Q
  • yellow pustules with an erythematous base, erythematous macules, IN THE CENTER a solitatry papule, or occasional vesicle
  • frequently not present at birth
  • Wright stain: EOSINOPHILS
  • rash is benign and will fade within 5-7 d
  • does not appear on palms and soles
A

Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum

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5
Q

-diffuse scaling and erythematous papules and pustules

A

Cutaneous Candidiasis

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6
Q

-rash that involves erythema, edema, vesicle formation, exudate, and scaling

A

Eczema

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7
Q
  • lichenification with scratching
  • behind he knees and elbows (extensor surfaces)
  • associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and FHx
  • high IgE level in the cord blood
  • flares with food allergies
  • prevention: breastfeeding x6mo
A

Atopic dermatitis

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8
Q
  • inflammed eczema not responding to antibiotics
  • vesicular lesions and crusted erosions
  • Dx: Tzank smear
  • Tx: acyclovir
A

Eczema herpeticum

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9
Q
  • coin shaped plaques on the extensor surfaces due to dry skin
  • round, oozing, crusting erosions, and dry macules with a fine scaly pattern
  • Tx: topical steroids
A

Nummular ezcema

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10
Q

-ezcematous rash but appears on palms and soles and other family members are affected

A

Scabies

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11
Q
  • greasy yellow patches on the scalp, face, and skin folds during the first 2 mo of life
  • Tx: topical antifungals
A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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12
Q
  • delayed hypersensitivity reaction
  • requires multiple exposures
  • red, vesicular, crusting rash
  • jewelry and poison ivy
A

Allergic contact dermatitis

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13
Q
  • silvery lesions on the elbows or knees
  • scaly lesions on the scalp or groin
  • Auspitz sign: bleed when picked
  • erythematous plaques surrounded by thick adherent sclaes, pinpoint areas of hemorrhage, thick scales on the scalp
A

Psoriasis

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14
Q
  • oozing rash with honey colored crusting
  • Strep or Staph
  • Tx does NOT prevent PSGN
A

Impetigo

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15
Q
  • small oval thick scaling plaques
  • long axis of the lesion parallel to the lines of skin stress
  • herald patch
  • palms and soles are spared
  • winter and early spring
  • Christmas tree pattern
A

Pityriasis rosea

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16
Q

-thin scaly lesions with central clearing and elevated border

A

Tinea corporus

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17
Q
  • fever and generalized LAD

- rash that involves the palms and soles

A

Secondary syphilis

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18
Q
  • hyper or hypo pigmented scaling macules
  • get worse with exposure to the sun
  • Dx: KOH prep
  • Tx: astringents or topical antifungal
A

Tinea versicolor

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19
Q
  • thin scales that have a pasted on appearance
  • during preschool years
  • Tx: keratolytic agents: ammonium lactate, alpha hydroxy acid and ures-containing emollients
  • 50% will also have atopic dermatitis
A

Icthyosis vulgaris

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20
Q
  • papular lesion on the sole of the foot in a child walking barefoot
  • atypical mycobacteria
A

Swimming pool granuloma

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21
Q
  • pruritic rash on the soles of the feet
  • minimal scaling, thickening of the skin, with hyperlinearity of the distal soles
  • interdigital skin is normal
  • form of contact dermatitis from occlusive shoes and synthetic socks
  • Tx: topical steroid
A

Juvenile plantar Dermatosis

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22
Q
  • annular lesions without epidermal involvement
  • NO SCALING
  • benign inflammatory condition
A

Granuloma annulare

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23
Q
  • preschooler with very tender and red rash that sperads to become a sheet-like loss of skin
  • involves only the epidermis (appears white)
  • caused by a toxin
  • Tx: Abx
A

Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome

24
Q
  • hypersensitivity reaction in response to a variety of triggers
  • MC trigger is HSV
  • rash abruptly appears as edematous macules on extremities and spreads to trunk
  • Tx: stopping the offending agent
A

Erythema multiforme minor

25
Q
  • rash preceeded by fever, muscle aches, and joint aches
  • discrete bullous or target lesions
  • mucous membrane involvement (conjunctiva, oral mucosa, and anogenital mucosa)
  • MC triggers: sulfas, AEDs, NSAIDs
  • Tx: infection and dehydration
A

Stevens Johnson Syndrome

26
Q
  • sunburn-like erythema and sheet-like separation of skin (erythematous peeling skin)
  • widespread bullae and denuded necrotic skin
  • hypersensitivity reaction
  • Dx: biopsy will show invelement of the dermis
A

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

27
Q
  • teenage girl with sepsis-like picture and a rash
  • fevers, hypotension, sunburn-like rash
  • Cause: either Staph or Strep
  • Tx: Abx and supportive care
A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

28
Q
  • boggy, blue ulcers with a necrotic base

- usually associated with a systemic disease

A

Pyoderma Gangrenosum

29
Q
  • febrile child with a tender, well-demarcated area of erythema and induration containing several bullae
  • Tx: 1st gen Cephalosporin
A

Cellulitis

30
Q
  • linear lesions that are papular or pustular and do not respond to Abx tx
  • erythematous papules, some crusted, on the volar aspects of the wrists, axillae, groin, and in between the digits
  • S-shaped burrow track on the skin
  • can be on the palms and soles in infants
  • Tx: all family members with Permethrin 5%
31
Q
  • maculae caerulae (blue gray macules) on the abdomen or inner thigh
  • suggest sexual abuse in children
  • can last 36 hrs without a blood meal
  • the eggs can hatch 10 days later
  • can exist on other hair (facial)
  • slower moving
  • Tx: permethrin 1%
A

Pubic Lice

32
Q
  • pearly papules with central dimpling
  • Tx: none
  • Wright stain: viral inclusion bodies
A

Molluscum contagiosum

33
Q
  • pruritic lesions “pink and excoriated” on the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs
  • episodic and erupt at night
  • clustered erythematous papules with central punctum
  • recurrent papules lasting up to 10 d
  • no family members affected
  • delayed hypersensitivity rxn to an insect bite
A

Papular Urticaria

34
Q
  • perioral dermatitis with alopecia
  • Zinc deficiency
  • autosomal recessive
  • no lichenification
A

Acrodermatitis Enteropathica

35
Q
  • oral rash
  • alopecia
  • ataxia
A

Biotin defieincy

36
Q
  • whiteheads

- follicles that are plugged but covered with epithelium

A

Closed comedones

37
Q
  • blackheads
  • no epithelial covering
  • color comes from melanin
A

Open comedones

38
Q
  • acne with papules, pustules, and cysts

- Tx: topical Abx, po Abx

A

Inflammatory acne

39
Q
  • antibacterial
  • reduces sebum production
  • anti-inflammatory
  • destroys comedones
  • side effects: dry lips, skin, eyes, nosebleeds, and HA
  • pregnancy prevention
A

Isotretinoin

40
Q
  • black dots or broken hairs
  • inflammation and bogginess of the surrounding tissues
  • Tx: po griseofulvin for 6-12 wks
A

Tinea capitis

41
Q
  • areas of complete hair loss with no other scalp lesions
  • no inflammation
  • may have nail pitting
  • Tx: steroids
A

Alopecia Areata

42
Q

-hair loss in a girl with tight braids

A

Traction alopecia

43
Q
  • round, well defined patches of complete hair loss
  • sudden loss of large amounts of hair during routine activities such as washing and brushing the hair
  • triggered by stressful events
  • no inflammation
  • telogen bulbs on microscopic exam
A

Telogen Effluvium

44
Q

-irregular patches of incomplete hair loss

A

Trichotillomania

45
Q
  • pigemented lesions that turn into hives and develop blisters particularly with rubbing (Daier Sign)
  • avoid narcotics, radiocontrast material, and NSAIDs
  • infant in the first 6 mo of life
A

Urticaria Pigmentosa

46
Q
  • autosomal recessive
  • UV damaged DNA is not repaired
  • vulnerable to skin cancer and mets
  • Tx: avoidance of sunlight
A

Xeroderma Pigmentosum

47
Q
  • cafe au lait spots (6 or more)
  • Lisch nodules (iris harmatomas)
  • neurofibromas
  • optic gliomas
  • inguinal and axillary freckling
  • bony defects
  • family Hx (Autosomal Dominant) Xsome 17
  • at risk for Pheo and renal artery stenosis (monitor for HTN)
48
Q
  • hearing loss or tinnitus from acoustic neuroma
  • ocular symptoms from cataracts or harmatomas
  • schwannomas, neurofibromas, meningiomas, gliomas, or juvenile cataracts
  • FHx: Xsome 22
  • Dx: MRI for CNVIII masses
49
Q
  • more than 3 ash leaf spots (hypopigmented skin)
  • periventricular/cortical tumors (seizures)
  • sebaceous gland hyperplasia (adenoma sebaceum)
  • Shagreen patch (Cobblestone appearing skin)
  • sub/periungual fibroma
  • cardiac rhabdomyoma
  • retinal nodular harmatomas
  • renal angiomyolipoma
A

Tuberous Sclerosis

50
Q
  • capillary hemangioma in the upper dermis
  • present at birth and gradually gets larger, resolves after 1 yr
  • Tx if interfering with vision, breathing, eating, hearing
  • Tx: steroids and lasers
A

Strawberry hemangioma (superficial)

51
Q
  • hemangiomas located in the lower dermis, fat, and muscles

- will often be blue

A

Deep/Cavernous hemangioma

52
Q
  • rapidly growing progressive hemangioma
  • sequestration of plts into the lesion
  • thrombocytopenia and bleeding
A

Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome

53
Q
  • rash associated with SJS
  • oral lesions and other mucous membranes
  • hands and feet can be involved
A

Erythema multiforme

54
Q
  • Fifth’s disease, slapped cheek rash

- Parvo B19

A

Erythema infectiosum

55
Q
  • bullseye rash associated with Lyme Disease

- Carditis, Arthritis, Neuritis

A

Erythema Chronicum Migrans

56
Q
  • painful bluish lesions on the shin

- associated with TB, OCPs, IBDs, and fungal infx

A

Erythema Nodosum

57
Q
  • -erythematous macule on the trunk which clears centrally

- one of the major Jones criteria associated with Rheumatic fever

A

Erythema Marginatum

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