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Peds Boards > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q
  • failure of sounds to progress to the cochlea
  • MC cause is effusion
  • ignoring commands, increased TV volume
  • often correctable with surgery and hearing devices
  • causes: small malformed ears, perforated TM, tympanosclerosis, cholesteatoma
A

Conductive hearing loss

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2
Q
  • purulent ear DC despite Abx, foul smelling
  • retraction of the TM with squamous debris
  • keratinization of the epithelial cells in the middle ear
  • refer to specialist
A

Cholesteatoma

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3
Q
  • -malfunction of the cochlea and or auditory nerve
  • loop diuretics, aminoglycosides, salicylates (reversible)
  • meningitis, related to age of patient and when Abx are started
A

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

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4
Q
  • testing appropriate for school age children who can cooperate with commands
  • can differentiate bt conductive and SNHL
A

Conventional Pure Tone Audiometry

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5
Q
  • testing for infants <6mo
  • screening test
  • if fails, must undergo ABR testing
A

Behavioral Observational Audiometry (BOA)

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6
Q
  • testing for preschool children

- tests for bilateral hearing loss to prevent language impairment

A

Visual Reinforcement Audiometry

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7
Q

-flat tympanogram

A

middle ear fluid or stiff membrane

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8
Q

-peaked tympanogram

A

Normal TM

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9
Q

-low peaked tympanogram

A

-perforation or PE tubes

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10
Q
  • dizziness, vomiting, pale with REM
  • no LOC
  • variant of migraines
A

Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo

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11
Q
  • acute onset of unsteadiness and decreased hearing
  • abnl course of communication between middle and inner ear
  • progressive loss of perilymph, vertigo with ataxia, and hearing loss
A

Perilymphatic Fistula

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12
Q

-pt with bloody drainage from PE tubes and a large erythematous mass

A

Tympanostomy tube granuloma

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13
Q
  • pain with movement of the pinna
  • purulent DC
  • MC pseudomonas
  • Tx: floxacin gtts/steroid gtts
A

Otitis Externa

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14
Q
  • swelling and deformity of the external ear following blunt trauma
  • evacuation of hematoma by needle
A

Cauliflower ear

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15
Q
  • postauricular swelling and erythema
  • Dx: CT
  • Tx: IV Abx and surgery
A

Mastoiditis

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16
Q

-nasal smear with eosinophils

A

allergic rhinitis

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17
Q

-teenager with nasal congestion

A

Cocaine

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18
Q

-cyanosis while feeding and resolution while crying

A

Choanal atresia

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19
Q

-first study to order in a patient with nasal polyps

A

Sweat testing

20
Q
  • persistent nighttime cough, foul breath, following a URI
  • Tx: HD Amox
  • complications: orbital cellulitis, brain abscess,
A

Acute Sinusitis

21
Q

-next step in evaluating a patient with worsening epistaxis

A

CT sinus to r/o posterior nasopharyngeal mass

22
Q
  • fever, ST, fatigue, LAD, HA
  • fever can last 1-2 weeks
  • thick exudate and palatal petichiae
  • HSM
  • Dx: monospot, EBM titers
  • Tx: restrict activity, steroids if airway compromise
A

Mono

23
Q
  • dysphagia, difficulty opening mouth, unilateral swelling around the tonsil, and deviation of the uvula
  • trismus, drooling, hot potato voice, cervical LAD
  • Tx: needle aspiration and drainage, Unasyn, Clinda, or Augmentin
A

Peritonsillar abscess

24
Q
  • widening of the retropharyngeal space on the lateral neck film
  • neck is hyperextended with drooling and respiratory difficulties
  • surgical emergency
  • Tx: Clinda or Unasyn
  • MC in pts <4yo
A

Retropharyngeal abscess

25
Q
  • hypothyroidism
  • hypopituitarism
  • hypoplasia (ectodermal)
  • hypohidrosis
  • rickets
A

Causes of delayed eruption of teeth

26
Q
  • tissues at the entrance of the larynx collapse into the airway with inspiration
  • MC cause of extra-thoracic airway obstruction
  • suprasternal and subcostal retractions
  • worsens with agitation, improves when prone
  • improves with time
  • wet, variably pitched stridor
A

Laryngomalacia

27
Q
  • due to traumatic injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • weak cry
  • high pitched inspiratory stridor
  • if unilateral, persistent hoarseness
A

Vocal Cord Paralysis

28
Q
  • -presents with a weak cry

- does not change with position

A

Laryngeal web

29
Q
  • progressive hoarseness less severe in the morning without stridor or dysphagia
  • MC in males
  • improve with puberty
A

Vocal Cord Nodules

30
Q
  • weak tracheal wall rings collapse during expiration
  • expiratory stridor
  • associated with TEF repair
A

Tracheomalacia

31
Q
  • fixed wheezing from extrinsic compression of the trachea and esophagus
  • feeding difficulties
A

Vascular ring

32
Q

-biphasic stridor with louder inspiratory component

A

subglottic stenosis

33
Q
  • -supraglottic stenosis presenting with biphasic stridor
  • leaning forward and drooling
  • dysphagia, dysphonia, distress
  • agitated, refusing to lie down
  • may be unvaccinated (H. flu)
  • keep the patient calm, prepare for intubation, CTX
A

Epiglottitis

34
Q
  • AKA psuedomembranous croup, membranous laryngotracheitis
  • inspiratory stridor and barking cough
  • thick purulent secretions, fever, and severe resp symptoms
  • prefer supine position
  • Tx: removal of secretions vis scope, airway mgmt, hydration, airway humidification, and IV Abx
A

Bacterial tracheitis

35
Q
  • allergic etiology (h/o atopic derm, or FHx)
  • recurrent croup in the absence of a preceding URI
  • no fever and no viral URI Sx
  • Tx: may need steroids
A

Spasmodic croup

36
Q
  • -hoarse, barky cough, inspiratory or biphasic stridor
  • may be tripoding with mouth breathing and dysphagia
  • etiology: RSV, influenza, parainfluenza
  • Tx: racemic epi and cool mist, decadron
  • MC in age 2
  • preceded by URI and mild fever
A

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

37
Q
  • MC tumor in the larynx of children
  • cause hoarseness
  • HPV
  • Tx: laser exision
  • can become malignant
A

Laryngeal papillomas

38
Q
  • midline lesion on the anterior neck

- do not remove! Only thyroid tissue left

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

39
Q
  • preauricular adenopathy

- conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus LAD

40
Q
  • MC cause is Staph and GAS
  • order CBC, ESR, bld Cx, PPD, Bartonella
  • Tx: Augmentin, Clinda, erythromycin
A

Bacterial LAD

41
Q

-Tx for atypical mycobacteria LAD

A

Surgical excision

42
Q
  • chronic adenopathy, HSM

- exposure to farm animals, or ingestion of unpasteurized milk

A

Brucellosis

43
Q
  • school aged child with parotid swelling and weakness and fever
  • swelling and erythema around the opening of Stenson’s Duct
  • no erythema of the overlying skin
  • may be unimmunized or HIV
A

Viral parotitis

44
Q
  • occurs before age 10
  • toxic appearing with high temp
  • MC Staph parotitis
A

Bacterial parotitis

45
Q

-swelling of both parotid glands

A

Salivary gland stone

Peds Boards (23 decks)

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