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Block test > renal > Flashcards

renal Flashcards

1
Q

tight junctions

A

zonula occulens

prevents mixing of receptors

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2
Q

adherence junctions

A

zonula adherens and desmosomes

lateral strength from cytoskeleton

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3
Q

communicating junctions

A

adjacent hemipores

allow molecules and ions to flow for functions

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4
Q

types of exocrine glands

A

merocrine (vesicles)
apocrine (into apical cells)
holocrine (cell death)

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5
Q

osmolality

A 
high = concentrated 
low= dilute
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6
Q

osmolarity

A 
high= hypertonic (solution gains water)
low= hypotonic (solution loses water)
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7
Q

ficks law

A

proportional to area and tension difference

inversely to thickness

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8
Q

gibbs donnan

A

with non diffusible ions, the diffusible ions will distribute equally
there is a charge difference

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9
Q

basement membrane layers

A

basal and reticular

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10
Q

hemidesmosomes

A

connects basal surface to basement membrane

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11
Q

outer layer of the kidney

A

cortex

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12
Q

inner portion of the kidney

A

medulla

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13
Q

glomerulus

A

surrounded by bowmens capsule

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14
Q

afferent/efferent feeding

A

afferent into glomerulus and is reformed into afferent

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15
Q

where does the efferent arteriole move into

A

the pertibular capillary

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16
Q

high osmolarity detection

A

detected by osmoreceptors and baroreceptors and ADH is released

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17
Q

osmoreceptors

A

in the hypothalamus

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18
Q

ADH stimulus

A

atrial stretch receptor

baroreceptor

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19
Q

ADH pathway, initial detectors

A

carotid and aortic baroreceptors
atrial stretch receptor
osmoreceptor

20
Q

control centre for ADH release

A

hypothalamic neurons in the hypothalamus

21
Q

where is ADH released

A

posterior pituitary

22
Q

where does ADH work

A

collecting duct of the nephron

23
Q

how does ADH work

A

inserts water pores into the membrane to increase water reabsorption

24
Q

water deficit

A

ADH present and distal tubule and collecting duct become permeable

25
Q

hypo-osmotic dehydration

A

loss of sodium and water
burns
loss of sodium

26
Q

hyper-osmotic dehydration

A

decreased water intake or increased loss

diabetes

27
Q

iso-osmotic dehydration

A

loss of water and solutes

haemorrhage, diarrhoea

28
Q

crystalloid fluid

A

passes through biological membranes

0.9%

29
Q

colloid fluid

A

remains in intravascular space and resist diffusion

30
Q

RAAS overview

A

renin released, into angiotensinogen, to angiotensin I, angiotensin II

31
Q

renin

A

smooth muscles of afferent arterioles of the kidney

juxtaglomerular cells

32
Q

angiotensin I into II

A

via ACE

33
Q

aldosterone

A

created by angiotensin II

reabsorption of sodium in the nephron

34
Q

angiotensin II

A

stimulates sodium reabsorption

and vasoconstriction

35
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide

A

released from atria for decreased sodium reabsorption from increased stretch

36
Q

ANP sites of action

A

distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
hypothalamus (less ADH)
adrenal cortex (less aldosterone)

37
Q

proximal tubule

A

simple cuboidal cells
all glucose and amino acids reabsorbed
most water reabsorbed

38
Q

descending loop of henle

A

simple squamous
osmotic gradient increases and it descends
fluid reabsorbed

39
Q

thin ascending loop of henle

A

not water permeable

sodium reabsorbed into the blood

40
Q

thick ascending loop of henle

A

active transport moves salts into the blood

41
Q

counter current multiplication

A

removal of water in descending and addition of salts in the ascending loop

42
Q

blood flow in the loop of henle

A

concurrent flow for blood to pick up salts

43
Q

urea

A

fully filtered in the glomerulus and reabsorbed in the collecting duct

44
Q

distal tubule and collecting duct

A

sodium reabsorbed and potassium secreted

45
Q

major reabsorption location

A

proximal tubule

Block test (7 decks)

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