feeding/fasting Flashcards
GLUT 4
muscle and adipose
insulin sensitive
GLUT2
liver, kidney and pancreas
normal/high BGL
GLUT1/3
brain
amylase
breaks down starch into its smaller forms
monosaccharide digestion
simple/active diffusion via GLUT receptor
glycaemic index
ability of foods to raise BGL
fatty acid synthesis
acetyl CoA into malonyl CoA to palmitate
formation of malonyl CoA
regulated by acetyl CoA carboxylase (insulin regulated)
acetyl CoA carboxylase and insulin
high insulin increases fatty acid synthesis by increasing activity
acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA pre pathway
oxaloacetate to cross membrane
triacylgylcerols
fatty acids synthesised in the liver with glycerol
VLDL
TAG and cholesterol
VLDL circulation
from the liver to adipose tissues
digestion of lipids
lipase and bile create micelles and facilitated diffusion into cells
lipid digestion in the cell
reformed into TAG and chylomicrons
chylomicrons
transport lipids in the lymph and into the blood
breakdown of TAG and chylomicrons
lipoprotein lipase release fatty acids and glycerol
digestion of amino acids
pepsinogen/pepsin to reduce in size
amino acid digestion in intestine
active transport to cell and facilitated diffusion into blood
amino acids in the liver
used for protein synthesis and excess into fatty acid synthesis
transamination
change amino acids into different ones
feeding and protein synthesis
net protein synthesis, triggered by insulin
amino acid breakdown
carbon skeleton can be used as a substrate for glucose
glycogen breakdown in the liver
glycogen phosphorylase enzyme