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Block test > cardiac > Flashcards

cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

pericardium layers

A

fibrous

serous

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2
Q

what chamber is hard to see in an anterior view

A

left atrium

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3
Q

pacemaker cell resting membrane potential and maintenace

A

-70 and maintained by potassium

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4
Q

funny channel

A

when cell is hyperpolarised it opens to allow sodium in to hit threshold

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5
Q

what occurs at threshold for pacemaker cells

A

voltage gated calcium channels open

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6
Q

after depolarisation in pacemaker cells

A

calcium inactivated and potassium open (voltage sensitive)

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7
Q

atrial myocytes depolarisation

A

come from threshold being met through gap junctions leading to sodium channels opening

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8
Q

calcium plateau

A

not sufficient to contract, instead activates calcium induced calcium release

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9
Q

calcium removal

A

pumped back by SERCA

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10
Q

blood vessel layers

A

adventitia, media, intima

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11
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

forces fluid out of the capillary

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12
Q

osmotic pressure

A

movement of fluid from the interstitial fluid into the capillary

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13
Q

EDV

A

120mL

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14
Q

SV

A

70mL

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15
Q

ESV

A

50mL

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16
Q

ejection fraction

A

SV-EDV

17
Q

increasing preload

A

increases EDV, increases, increases afterload, induces baroreceptor reflex to slow HR

18
Q

afterload

A

contraction must overcome pressure, less blood ejected, ESV higher

19
Q

calcium released from

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum from ryanodine receptors

20
Q

muscle contraction

A

calcium on troponin on thin filaments, pulls on tropomyosin to expose binding sites

21
Q

chest X-ray view

A

posterior anterior to minimise heart shadow

22
Q

triangular spaces between diaphragm and thoracic wall

A

costophrenic angles and should be sharp

23
Q

inspiration chest x-ray

A

ribs will be horizontal and descended diaphragm

24
Q

tract from baroreceptor to medulla

A

glossopharyngeal and vagus

Block test (7 decks)

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