Renal

Question 0

Treatment for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning

Answer 0

Fomepizole and dialysis

Question 1

Only alcohol that does not cause anion gap metabolic acidosis.

Answer 1

Isopropyl alcohol

Question 2

Formula for serum osmolality

Answer 2

2 x serum Na + bun/2.8 + glucose/18

Question 4

Winters formula

Answer 4

For metabolic acidosis

1.5(HCO3) + 8 +/- 2 = pCO2

Question 5

Equation to use for estimating kidney function in healthy periods

Answer 5

CKD-EPI

Also used in pregnant women and patients with AKI.

Question 6

How to distinguish between renal and extrarenal cause of non-AG metabolic acidosis

Answer 6

Urine ammonium = Urine osmolal gap/2

Calculated urine osmolality = 2(Na+K) + Urine urea/2.8 + Urine glucose/18

If urine ammonium renal defect
If urine ammonium >30 –> extra-renal defect

Question 7

Goal BP in pregnancy

Answer 7

<150/100

Question 8

How to distinguish renal vs. extrarenal cause of METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

Answer 8

Urine Cl:

15 - diuretic therapy, tubular disorder

Question 9

How to distinguish renal vs. extrarenal cause of NON-AG METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Answer 9

Urine ammonium = Urine osmolal gap/2
>30 - extra-renal cause (e.g. laxative)
<30 - renal cause (e.g. diuretic)

Question 10

Maltese cross

Answer 10

• Babesiosis

- Nephrotic syndrome/Lipiduria

Question 11

Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies

Answer 11

Membranous glomerulopathy

Question 12

Normal osmolal gap

Answer 12

10 mosm/kg H20