Cardiology

Question 0

TIMI risk score

Answer 0

Age >65
>3 CAD risk factors
Coronary obstruction >50%
ST segment deviation
>2 episodes of angina in last 24 hours
Aspirin use in the past week
Elevated biomarkers

Question 1

Treatment of pericarditis

Answer 1

1st line: aspirin, NSAIDS

Recurrent:
Colchicine + aspirin

If still refractory, prednisone (but increases rate if recurrences)

Question 2

Brugada syndrome

Answer 2

Incomplete RBBB + coved ST segment in v1 and v2

Question 3

Threshold size to repair thoracic aortic aneurysm

Answer 3

5-5.5cm

Monitoring: yearly echo until aortic root 4.5cm then every 6 mobths

Question 4

Severe aortic stenosis

Answer 4

Valve area 50mmHg

Question 5

Surgical repair of AAA indications

Answer 5

> 5.5cm diameter
Growing >0.5cm per year
Symptomatic AAA

Question 7

Indications for repair of ASD

Answer 7

• RA or RV enlargement (with no pulm HTN)
• Large left to right shunt
• Symptoms (dyspnea, paradoxical embolism)

Question 8

Goal BP in pregnant patients with HTN

Answer 8

<150/100

Question 9

Indications for aortic stenosis correction

Answer 9

(1) Symptoms
(2) EF<50%
(3) Moderate stenosis at time of other cardiac surgery (e.g. CABG)
(4) Hypotension during stress exercise
(5) Rapidly progressive stenosis

Question 10

Indications for aortic regurgitation correction

Answer 10

(1) Symptoms

(2) EF55mm or end-diastolic dimension >75mm

Question 11

Indications for mitral stenosis correction

Answer 11

(1) Symptoms

2) Pulm HTN (PA systolic pressure >50mmHg at rest or >60mmHg during exercise

Question 12

Indications for mitral regurgitation correction

Answer 12

(1) Symptoms
(2) EF50mmHg at rest or >60mmHg during exercise)
(4) LV end systolic diameter >40mm
(5) New onset atrial fibrillation

Question 13

Indications for VSD closure

Answer 13

• Aortic regurgitation or tricuspid regurgitation
• LV overload
• Endocarditis
• Qp:Qs>2

Question 14

CHD risk equivalents

Answer 14

• Non-coronary atherosclerotic disease (AAA, PAD, carotid artery disease)
• Diabetes
• Chronic kidney disease

Question 15

Two risk factors most strongly associated with MI

Answer 15

• Dyslipidemia

- Smoking

Question 16

CHADS2 score

Answer 16

• CHF
• HTN
• Age >75 y/o
• Diabetes
• Prior stroke/TIA/thromboembolism (2 points)

Question 17

Long-term complication of tetralogy of Fallot repair

Answer 17

Pulmonary valve regurgitation

Heart transplant rarely necessary

Question 18

Plavix after ACS

Answer 18

• DES - 1 year
• BMS - 1 month
• PCI but no stent - at least 1 month (ideally, 1 year)

Question 19

Valvular abnormality after radiation to thorax

Answer 19

Aortic valve regurgitation