Heme/Onc Flashcards
Milan Criteria for OLT in HCC
One lesion <3cm No extra hepatic manifestations No vascular invasion
HNPCC criteria
3-2-1 rule: 3 relatives with HNPCC assoc cancer 2 generations 1 person died before 50
This hormone always indicates a non-seminomatous component in a testicular tumor
alpha-fetoprotein
Follow up surveillance for colon cancer
(1) CT chest/abd/pelvis q1year x 3 years (2) CEA q3-6 months for the first 2 years then q6months for the next 3 years (3) Colonoscopy 1 year, then 3 years later, then q5years
CD55 and CD59 on flow cytometry
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
ADAMTS13
TTP-HUS
Anti-PF4 antibodies
HIT
JAK 2 Mutation
- Essential Thrombocythema - Polycythemia Vera - Primary Myelofibrosis
9,22 translocation (Philadelphia Chromosome)
Chronic myeloid leukemia
How to distinguish alpha-thalassemia trait vs. beta-thalassemia trait in microcytic anemia
Hemoglobin electrophoresis - normal in alpha-thal trait; elevated A2 and fetal hemoglobin in beta-thal trait
Treatment of polycythemia vera
- Low-dose aspirin and phlebotomy - Hydroxyurea if: >60 y/o or prior thrombotic event
Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Imatinib - bcr-abl inhibitor
Form of AML associated with DIC
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
All-trans-retinoic acid + arsenic trioxide
(15;17) gene translocation
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Treatment of 5q- syndrome
Lenalidomide (5q- syndrome is a sub-type of MDS)
Smudge cells
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Antibodies to HPA-1a
Posttransfusion purpura
Leukoreduction of PRBCs
Decreases the incidence of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions, cytomegalovirus transmission, and alloimmunization
Factor(s) that prolong only PTT
8, 9, 11, 12
Factor(s) that prolong only PT
Factor 7
Treatment of acquired Factor VIII inhibitors
Recombinant Factor VIIa.
Blood tests to confirm suspected B12 deficiency
Elevated homocysteine and methylmalonic acid
Periorbital purpura and macroglossia
AL amyloidosis
Treatment of high-risk MDS
Azacitidine
Number of blasts in blood or bone marrow to dx AML
>20%
MDS transforms into…
AML
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
ABO incompatibility
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
Alloantibody that causes rapid clearance of RBCs 1-3 days after transfusion
Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction
Donor leukocyte cytokines OR Recipient alloantibodies against donor leukocytes Tx: Leukocyte reduction of further transfusions
Transfusion-associated acute lung injury
Donor anti-leukocyte antibodies –> Leukocytes aggregate in pulmonary capillary bed
Transfusion-associated GVHD
Donor lymphocytes engraft in immunocompromised recipient Tx: Gamma-irradiation of blood products
Conditions treated with plasmapheresis (plasma exchange)
- Guillain-Barre - Myasthenia gravis - TTP-HUS - Waldenström macroglobulinemia-related hyperviscosity syndrome - Transverse myelitis
Bite cells
G6PD
INR reversal in life-threatening bleeding
IV vitamin K + Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC)
Overexpression of cyclin D1 and a t(11:14) translocation
Mantle cell lymphoma
EGFR inhibitors
Erlotinib (Tarceva) and gefitinib
Type of chemo given in testicular cancer
Cisplatin-based
Treatment of hairy cell leukemia
Cladribine
Chemo used in colon cancer
FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)
Chemo for CLL
Fludarabine + Rituximab
Chemo for Hodgkin lymphoma
ABVD = adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vincristine, dacarbazine
β2-Microglobuin
Prognostication in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Chemo for AML
“7 and 3” cytarabine + anthracycline
Bite Cells
G6PD deficiency
Target cells
Alpha- and beta-thalassemia
Spherocytes
Hereditary spherocytosis; warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease
Erythrocytes are clumped, leading to falsely elevated MCV. Associated with IgM antibodies to erythrocyte antigens.
