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Internal Medicine Boards > General Internal Medicine > Flashcards

General Internal Medicine Flashcards

0
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Hair loss, brittle hair

A

Biotin, protein, B12, Folate

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1
Q

Screening recommendations for osteoporosis

A

DEXA for all women >65 y/o (q3-5 yrs)

OR

Women <65 if 1 or more risk factors

  • Steroids
  • low body weight
  • current smoking
  • alcohol use
  • prior fragility fracture
  • family hx of hip fracture
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2
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Coiled, corkscrew hair

A

Vit A and Vit C

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3
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Skin desquamation

A

riboflavin

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4
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Petechiae, perifollicular hemorrhage

A

Vitamin C

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5
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Ecchymosis

A

Vitamin C and K

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6
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Skin pigmentation, cracking, crusting

A

Niacin

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7
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Acro-orificial dermatitis (erythematous, vesiculobullous, pustular)

A

Zinc

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8
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Angular stomatitis, cheilosis

A

Vit B complex, iron, protein

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9
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Glossitis

A

Niacin, folate, B12

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10
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Ophthalmoplegia, foot drop

A

Thiamine

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11
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Paresthesia

A

Thiamine, B12, biotin

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12
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Depressed vibratory and position senses, Memory disturbance

A

B12

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13
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

Severe thiamine deficiency

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14
Q

Five A’s of smoking cessation

A
  • Ask about tobacco use
  • Advise to quit
  • Assess readiness to quit
  • Assist in quitting
  • Arrange for follow up
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15
Q

Five R’s of smoking cessation

A
  • Relevance of quitting smoking to their lives
  • Risks of smoking
  • Rewards of smoking
  • Roadblocks to quitting
  • Repeat motivational intervention at all visits
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16
Q

USPSTF recommendations on cholesterol screening

A

Every 5 years for men >35 and women >45 who are at increased cardiovascular risk

17
Q

USPSTF recommendation on Pap smear screening

A

Every 3 years from 21 to 65 y/o

If combo of Pap + HPV testing, can be every 5 years for women >30 y/o

18
Q

USPSTF recommendation on mammogram

A

Every 1-2 years after age 50 y/o

19
Q

Pressure ulcer staging

A
  • Stage I: Nonblanchable redness (skin intact)
  • Stage II: Shallow ulcer with red/pink wound bed or serum-filled blister –> occlusive or semiperm dressing
  • Stage III: Subcutaneous fat visible –> correct nutritional deficiencies, debridement, topical or systemic abx
  • Stage IV: Exposed bone, tendon, or muscle –> same tx as Stage III
20
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Clinician has encountered similar presentation and jumps to the conclusion that the current diagnosis must be the same as the previous

21
Q

Anchoring heuristic

A

Clinician accepts at face value a prior diagnosis made by another clinicians

23
Q

Blind obedience heuristic

A

Acceptance of a dx or plan made by another of higher authority

24
Q

Premature closure heuristic

A

Full differential diagnosis is not considered

25
Q

USPSTF guidelines for frequency of HTN screening

A

Every 2 years

26
Q

(Vitamin deficiency) Myelopathy localizing to posterior columns and bilateral corticospinal tracts

A

Copper deficiency

Copper deficiency, which can be caused by zinc toxicity, nutritional deficiency, or malabsorption syndrome, can result in a myelopathy localizing to the posterior columns and bilateral corticospinal tracts.

27
Q

USPSTF recommendations for aspirin for primary prevention

A

Aspirin in men ages 45-79 years for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and in women ages 55-79 years for primary prevention of stroke if the bleeding risks do not outweigh benefit.

28
Q

Vitamin deficiency that causes night blindness

A

Vitamin A

29
Q

Manifestations of thiamine deficiency

A
  • Wet beriberi - heart failure, ascites, peripheral edema

- Dry beriberi (CNS) - peripheral neuropathy, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

30
Q

Riboflavin (Vit B2 deficiency)

A
  • Normochromic, normocytic anemia
  • Hyperemic throat, cheilosis, angular stomatitis
  • Seborrheic dermatitis (perianal area)
  • Associated w/TCAs and phenothiazines
31
Q

Vitamin deficiency associated with glossitis, cheilosis, vomiting, seizures

A

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Associated with drugs (INH, cycloserine, penicillamine), chronic alcoholism, general malabsorption syndromes

32
Q

B12 deficiency

A
  • Macrocytic anemia
  • Smooth tongue
  • Decreased vibration and proprioception
  • Decreased reaction to pinprick (stocking/glove)
33
Q

Niacin deficiency

A

Pellagra

  • “3 D’s” - Dermatitis on sun-exposed surfaces, dementia, diarrhea
  • Stomatitis
  • Proctitis
  • Mental status changes (depression to dementia)
34
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy

  • Petechial hemorrhages and ecchymoses
  • Hyperkeratotic papules around hair follicles
  • Sjogren’s
  • Hemorrhage into muscles, joints, purpura, and splinter hemorrhages
35
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A
  • Areflexia

- Decreased vibration/position sense

36
Q

Non-hormonal therapy for hot flushes

A

Venlafaxine

37
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

a.k.a. idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops = Vertigo, unilateral low frequency hearing loss, and tinnitus

38
Q

Hawkins test

A

Shoulder impingement syndrome

39
Q

Apley scratch test

A

Rotator cuff tendinitis

40
Q

Finkelstein test

A

De Quervain tenosynovitis

41
Q

Audible or palpable snap on McMurray test

A

Meniscal damage

42
Q

Lachman test

A

ACL injury

Internal Medicine Boards (11 decks)

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