Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phys 4 renal > renal 1 > Flashcards

renal 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the kidney

A
  • regulation of water/electrolyte balance/extracellular fluid
  • regulation of arterial blood pressure (renin-angiotensin)
  • excretion of metabolic waste (protein, creatinine, uric acid, urobilins)
  • excrete foreign substances (drugs and hormones)
  • blood cell production (main source of erythropoietin)
  • last step in vit D production (1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3)
  • gluconeogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two types of nephrons

A
  • Juxtamedullary - extend into the inner zone

- corticol = found in cortical zone and only extend into outer zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the afferent arteriole feed

A

juxtaglomerular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the glomerulus

A

capillary bed between the afferent and efferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of peritubular capillaries

A

reabsorb a lot of the fluid and electrolytes that are filtered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What nephrons are the vasa recta found in.

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the blood supply of an individual nephron

A

Afferent arteriole –> glomeruli –> efferent arteriole –> peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the order of juxtamedullary nephron filtration

A

Bowman’s capsule –> prox convoluted tubule –> thin descending loop –> thin ascending –> thick ascending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe glomerular filtration

A

1) glomerular hydrostatic pressure builds in the capsule and forces out
2) glomerular colloid pressure is in the glomerular capillaries and wants to pull in
3) bowman’s capsule has a pressure wanting to push filtrate back into the glomeruli (NO Colloid pressure in bowman’s b/c no proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the overall affect of glomerular filtration

A
  • biggest of the 3 is glomerular hydrostatic so the FILTRATE LEAVES the capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the difference in the filtrate between the plasma and what is in the bowman’s

A

no proteins in bowman’s; all other things are the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where does reabsorption occur

A
  • peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
  • THESE DO NOT FILTER
  • Peritubular have MUCH more proteins than afferent arterioles so way more colloid pressure wanting the fluid to reabsorb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Isoosmotic area

A

proximal tubules because water and solute moves together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what part is the diluting segment

A

thick ascending loop of henle because impermeable to H20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which part reabsorbs the most water, glucose, electrolytes

A

PROXIMAL TUBULE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the scheme of Na+ reabsorption in the 1st half of proximal tubule

A
  • first half of proximal tubule = uses bicarbonate (HCO3-) and glucose; Na+ symport of glucose and Na+/H+ antiporters for bicarb reabsorption
  • -> raise level of glucose in tubule cells which allows passive transport of glucose across BASOLATERAL SIDE INTO BLOOD
  • -> the rise in osmolatlity on basolateral side allows for water re-ABSORPTION via aquaporins passively into blood; in addition, Na is pumped across basolateral (Na-K pump)
17
Q

describe the scheme of Na+ reabsorption in the 2nd half of proximal tubule

A
  • second half of proximal tubule sees Na+ and Cl- reabsorbed together across trans and pericelular: Na-H and Cl-anion antiporters put Na and Cl into the cell –> Na can be pumped out via Na/K pump and Cl can be transported down grad with K through K-Cl transporter (down grad for both)
18
Q

What substance is not coupled to Na+ for reabsorption

A

Protein

19
Q

how is protein reabsorbed

A

Overall it is endocytosis –> enzymes digest the proteins –> a.a. leave tubule across basolateral membrane

20
Q

Where does secretion occur

A
  • Proximal tubule –> many organic compounds bound to plasma proteins are excreted, drugs, and organic anions and cations are excreted here
21
Q

what is the loop of henle responsible for

A

counter current multiplication (conc and dil. of urine)

22
Q

What is the macula densa a part of?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

23
Q

What occurs in the distal convoluted tubule

A

some Na+ reabsorption

24
Q

What part of the collecting duct responsive to ADH

A

Entire

25
Q

What part of the collecting duct responsive to aldosterone

A

Corticol

26
Q

How can urine conc be changed

A

sensing composition of plasma (osmoreceptors in hypothalmus)

27
Q

What parts of the nephron does ADH increase Perm on

A

distal tubules and collecting ducts

28
Q

What are the effects of ingesting too much NaCl

A

Na/K pump keeps the Na+ in the ECF –> water leaves to go to ECF –> raises Blood pressure –> decreases renal sympathetics and decrease renin secretion –> decrease prox tubule Na reabsorption –> dilation of affereant arteriole –> Increase GFR (glomularus filtration rate?)

29
Q

What is the effect of decreasing renin when you ingest too much salt

A
  • less angiotension I so less angiotension II so less aldosterone, less vasoconstriction, and less sodium reabsorption (in prox and collecting tubules)
30
Q

What happens when we ingest a lot of sodium in regards to ANP

A

More sodium more ANP released due to stretch receptors activated –> ANP relaxes afferent arteriole and increases GFR and also INHIBITS renin release and angiotension II action, therefore inhibiting sodium reabsorption.

31
Q

What are the effects of NaCl on ADH and thirst

A

ECF osmolality increases causeing thirst –> ADH released –> H20 reabsorbed –> increases water ingestion and urine concentration, increased BP so get decreased ADH –> all this leads to temporary expansion of ECF

32
Q

function of macula densa

A
  • feedback to juxtaglomerular apparatus
  • vasodilates/constricts afferant arteriole to maintain constant GFR and renal blood flow despite changes in systemic arteriole blood pressure
33
Q

function of proximal confoluted tubule

A
  • 67% of H20, Na, K, Cl and nearly all glucose and AAs REABSORBED
34
Q

function of cortical collecting duct

A
  • principle cells, reabsorbs Na and secretes K

- intercalating cell reabsorbs K and secretes (something H?)

Phys 4 renal (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions