diabetes mellitus

Question 1

Describe Type I diabetes

Answer 1

• B cell destruction by infiltration of activated T-lymphocytes (absolute insulin deficiency
• progression is very different from type II and takes time before symptoms are experienced
• High blood glucose
• Can lead to KETONE PRODUCTION

Question 2

Describe Type II diabetes

Answer 2

• insulin resistance and insulin secretory defect
• increase in B cell mass
• normal blood glucose levels

Question 3

what are the signs and symptoms of type I diabetes

Answer 3

• can detect autoantibodies many years before onset of disease
• polyuria, thirst, blurred vision, wt loss, weakness, dizzy, sensory nerve dysfuntion (paresthiasis), level of consciousness

Question 4

what are the signs and symptoms of type II diabetes

Answer 4

• high insulin and normal plasma glucose
• develops metabolic syndrome
• infections from elevated glucose
• neuropathy (reinal, peripheral), polyuria, thirst etc
• obesity

Question 5

what are the metabolic changes that occur in type I diabetes

Answer 5

• increase in gluconeogenesis
• increase in glycogenolysis
• decreased glycolysis
• promotes KETOGENESIS

Question 6

what are the metabolic chanegs that occur in type II diabetes

Answer 6

• metabolic syndrome = hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension
• can result in coronary artery disease and stroke
• insulin increaes sodium retention thus resulting in High blood pressure

Question 7

describe hypoglycemia

Answer 7

• ANS symptoms = tachycardia, sweating, tremors, nausea hunger
• Neurologic symptoms = confusion, irritable, blurred vision, tired
• Treat with glucose or glucagon

Question 8

describe diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 8

• insulin deficiency causes mobilization of energy stores which includes ketogenesis and thus metabolic acidosis
• more common in Type I
• treat by restoring plasma vol, reducing glucose, correcting acidosis and replenish electrolytes