Renaissance/ Reformation Flashcards
Who was the Medici Family
A very wealthy banking family
Renaissance
Means “rebirth”, period between 1300 and 1600 when there was a revival of art and learning.
What is Humanism
An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements.
What is a Patron
A wealthy individual that financially supports artists and their artwork.
Secular
Worldly and not religious.
Isabella d’ Este
A patron who was born into the ruling family of the city state, Ferra. She was skilled in politics.
Baldassare Castiglione
Writer who wrote The Courtier, which was a book that taught how to be a renaissance man or woman.
What is Perspective
Showing three dimensions on a flat surface.
Michelangelo Bounarroti
A painter, sculptor, poet and architect who used a realistic style when depicting the human body.
Leonardo de Vinci
A “Renaissance Man”. He was a renaissance painter, sculptor, inventer and scientist who is famous for his paintings “the last supper” and the “Mona Lisa”.
Raphael
Renaissance painter who was famous for his use of perspective, studied works of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci for inspiration , painted the walls of pope Julius II’s library, and school of Athens
Francesco Petrarch
One of the earliest and most influential humanist. Known as “the father of renaissance humanism. Was also a poet who wrote in italian and latin
Giovanni Boccacio
An italian writer who was best known for The Decameron, a series of realistic stories supposedly told by a group of worldly young people waiting in the rural villa to avoid the plague.
The Decameron
Written by Giovanni Boccaccio, a realistic , off color collection of stories told by a group of young people waiting in the rural villa to avoid the plague.
Machiavelli
A historian and diplomat who wrote “The Prince”
The Prince
A book written by Machiavelli. It was a political guide book that discussed the importance of being an effective ruler rather than being morally just.
Donatello
A renaissance sculptor who sculpted David, which was the first european sculpture of a large free standing nude since ancient times.
Globe Theater
A playhouse used for performances and entertainment, also the place where William Shakespeare’s plays were performed.
William Shakespeare
Most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age, and also e greatest playwright of all time.
What are the 95 Theses
Formal statements made by Martin Luther that attacked the “pardon merchants”
Johan Gutenberg
A craftsman from Mainz, Germany and improved and perfected the moveable printing press for European languages.
Peasants Revolt
Inspired by the christian reformation, the peasants of Germany demanded an end to serfdom in 1524
Martin Luther
A monk and a teacher that lead the reformation against the catholic church, father of Lutheranism.
Edict of Worms
An imperial order that declared no one was to give the sentenced person any food or shelter.
Johann Tetzle
A friar who sold indulgences and gave people the impression that they could buy their way into heaven.
John Calvin
Published “ institute of the christian religion” in 1517, Started calvinism and influence the spread of protestantism.
City state
A city that has its own government and functions like an independent state.
Contrapposto
An italian term used in visual art when a figure has most of its weight on one foot so that the shoulders twist off axis from the hips. Means “Counterpose”
Fresco
Painting technique where a mural is painted on freshly laid lime plaster.
Vernacular
Native language
Christian humanism
A type of humanism that is focused on christianity of the heart.
Desiderius Erasmus
One of the best known christian humanist, who also wrote “the praise of folly “
Thomas More
A close friend of Erasmus, and wrote the book Utopia .
Utopia.
Written by Thomas More, its a book about an imaginary land where there is no greed, corruption or war. Also means “no place” in Greek
Predestination
The belief that god has known since the beginning of time who will be saved
Henry VIII
King of England in 1509, beheaded his second wife. (More about him on page 492)
Recant
To take back a statement or belief.
Anne Boleyn
The second wife of Henry VIII, was charged with treason and beheaded after giving birth to Henry’s daughter, Elizabeth who inherited the throne in 1558
Catherine of Argon
First wife of Henry VIII
Act of Supremacy
When Henry VIII took over the church of England
Anglican Church
Church of England during the reign of Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I
Reigned from 1558-1603. She was well educated, spoke french, italian,latin and greek. She wrote poetry and music , supported the development of english art and literature.
Calvinism
Religion based off of the teachings of John Calvin. This religion believed in predestination and that humans are sinful by nature
Council of Trent
Where church leaders, catholic bishops and cardinals agreed on several doctrines
Jesuits
Members of the Society of Jesus
Ignatius of Loyola
Wrote the book “spiritual exercise “, which laid out the day by day plan of meditation and prayer.
Anabaptists
Greek for “baptize again” believed persons who had been baptized as children should be baptized again as adults.
Indulgence
A pardon- released a sinner from performing an act that a priest imposed for sins
Reformation
Movement of religious reform
Protestant
Christians who belonged to a non catholic church
