Enlightenment Flashcards

0
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

An english political thinker who believe in the social contract but believed that one a ruler was picked the people could not overthrow the rule. Believed that humans are selfish and cruel and need a government to stay in check

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1
Q

Enlightenment

A

A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems

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2
Q

Voltaire

A

An influential philosophe who fought for tolerance , reason, freedom of religious belief and freedom of speech. “I do not agree with a word you say but i defend to the death your right to say it” (he also wrote Candide, the book joking about all sacred crows of the era)

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3
Q

Rousseau

A

A philosophe who committed him self to individual freedom, believed in direct democracy and that government should be freely formed for the people and guided by the general will of society

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4
Q

Mary wollstonecraft

A

Fought for womens rights and education, wrote “a vindication of the rights of women” (1792) an early feminist

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5
Q

Denis Diderot

A

Philosophe who created the first encyclopedia

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6
Q

Rococo

A

Frilly dainty whimsical type of art

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7
Q

Social Contract

A

An agreement by which people created a government (according to hobbes)

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8
Q

Leviathan

A

Nook by Hobbes written in 1651 that expressed his views on the government and human nature

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9
Q

Montesquieu

A

Influential french writer who studied political liberty , created the idea of checks and balances- the division of power within the government. Wrote “the spirit of laws”

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10
Q

The spirit of laws

A

Book written by Montesquieu in 1748 , proposing separation of power within the government to keep individuals or groups from having total power.

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11
Q

Cesare Beccaria

A

Italian philosophe who studied the justice system and believed the law was for social order and not for avenging crimes, wanted an end to torture and capital punishment

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12
Q

Salon

A

Social gatherings where philosophes , writers, artists, and scientists (other intellectuals ) met to discuss ideas

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13
Q

Neoclassical

A

“New classical” a simple elegant style that borrowed ideas from classical greek and roman art

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14
Q

John Locke

A

A philosophe with positive views on human nature , believed all people were born free with natural rights ; life , liberty and property. John locke believed if a ruler did not grant his people these three rights then the people had the right to overthrow

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15
Q

Philosophe

A

French for philosopher, social critics of the mid 1700s enlightenment in France

16
Q

Jonathan swift

A

Author of Gulliver’s Travels

17
Q

Baroque

A

A grand ornate design

18
Q

Encyclopedia

A

Large set of books to which many leading scholars contributed articles and essays about information (diderot)