Industrial Revolution

Question 1

crop rotation

Answer 1

planting crop based on the health of the soil

Question 2

industrialization

Answer 2

the process of developing machine production of goods

Question 3

factors of production

Answer 3

the recourses needed to produce goods and services that the industrial revolution required , including land labor and wealth

Question 4

factory

Answer 4

large buildings containing machines to create product

Question 5

entrepreneur

Answer 5

a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business

Question 6

urbanization

Answer 6

city building and movement of people to cities

Question 7

Middle class

Answer 7

social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people and wealthy farmers

Question 8

stock

Answer 8

certain rights of ownership

Question 9

corporation

Answer 9

a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits, but are not personally responsible for its debts

Question 10

Laissez faire

Answer 10

the economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference

Question 11

3 natural laws of economics

Answer 11

the law of self interest ( people work for their own good) law of competition (competition forces people to make a better product) the law of supply and demand (enough goods would be produced at the lowest possible price to meet demand in a market economy)

Question 12

capitalism

Answer 12

economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make profit.

Question 13

Utilitarianism

Answer 13

philosophy introduced by Jeremy Bentham, where people judged ideas, institutions and actions on the basis of their utility, or usefulness.

Question 14

socialism

Answer 14

economic system where the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.

Question 15

Karl Marx

Answer 15

german journalist who introduced the world to a radical type of socialism : Marxism. father of communism, wrote the communist manifesto

Question 16

Jeremy bentham

Answer 16

introduced utilitarianism, argued that the government should try to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people. believed that the individual should be free to pursue his or her own advantage without interference from the state

Question 17

Adam Smith

Answer 17

professor at university of glasgow, scotland, defended idea of free economy. believed liberty guaranteed economic progress. introduced the three laws of economics

Question 18

David Ricardo

Answer 18

british economist, believed that natural laws governed economic life. wrote the book, principles of political economy and taxation. (pages 734-35)

Question 19

Communism

Answer 19

a form of complete socialism in which the means of production would be owned by the people/

Question 20

unions

Answer 20

voluntary labor associations

Question 21

Strike

Answer 21

refusal to work

Question 22

suffrage

Answer 22

right to vote

Question 23

Chartist movement

Answer 23

a popular movement among workers and other groups who still could not vote to press for more rights

Question 24

Queen Victoria

Answer 24

reigned at the age of 18, queen for nearly 64 years, during victorian age the british empire reached the height of its wealth and power

Question 25

Third Republic

Answer 25

the form of government created when national assembly agreed to set up a republic, that lasted over 60 years

Question 26

anti-semitism

Answer 26

prejudice against Jews

Question 27

home rule

Answer 27

local control over internal matters only

Question 28

Irish Republican Army

Answer 28

(IRA) an unofficial military force seeking independence for ireland.

Question 29

assembly line

Answer 29

a line of workers who each put a single piece of unfinished cars as they pass by on a moving belt

Question 30

theory of evolution

Answer 30

theory introduced by charles darwin, surviving members of a species produce offspring that share their advantages, gradually over many generations the species change, so that a new species evolves.

Question 31

psychology

Answer 31

study of the human mind and behavior

Question 32

Mass culture

Answer 32

appeal of art, writing, music, and other forms of entertainment to a larger audience

Question 33

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 33

when wealthy landowners bought farming lands and improved farming methods

Question 34

Luddites

Answer 34

a group of workers that attacked whole factories in northern England, destroying laborsaving machinery

Question 35

Wealth of Nations

Answer 35

book written by Adam Smith in 1776, defending his idea of free economy, stating that economic liberty guaranteed economic progress

Question 36

Thomas Malthus

Answer 36

british economist that believed natural laws governed economic life. wrote “An Essay on the Principle of Population” in 1798, arguing that population tended to increase more rapidly than food supply

Question 37

John Stuart Mill

Answer 37

a philosopher and economist who led the utilitarian movement. he questioned unregulated capitalism, believed it was wrong for workers to lead deprived lives

Question 38

Communist Manifesto

Answer 38

23 page pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, argued that human societies have always been divided into warring classes.

Question 39

Charles Darwin

Answer 39

English naturalist who introduced the theory of evolution and wrote the book “on the origin of species by means of natural selection” describing his theory.

Question 40

Radioactivity

Answer 40

a form of powerful energy released from elements, discovered and named by Marie Curie

Question 41

Crystal Palace

Answer 41

glass and iron structure in England built at request of queen Victoria, that displayed industrial machinery from different nations

Question 42

Enclosure Act

Answer 42

when landowners voted to take away common farming lands to make them their own

Question 43

Dreyfus Affair

Answer 43

when a Jewish officer in the French military (Alfred Dreyfus) was blamed for espionage and was sent to devils island for punishment