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History > Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Industrial Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

crop rotation

A

planting crop based on the health of the soil

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2
Q

industrialization

A

the process of developing machine production of goods

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3
Q

factors of production

A

the recourses needed to produce goods and services that the industrial revolution required , including land labor and wealth

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4
Q

factory

A

large buildings containing machines to create product

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5
Q

entrepreneur

A

a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business

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6
Q

urbanization

A

city building and movement of people to cities

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7
Q

Middle class

A

social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people and wealthy farmers

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8
Q

stock

A

certain rights of ownership

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9
Q

corporation

A

a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits, but are not personally responsible for its debts

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10
Q

Laissez faire

A

the economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference

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11
Q

3 natural laws of economics

A

the law of self interest ( people work for their own good) law of competition (competition forces people to make a better product) the law of supply and demand (enough goods would be produced at the lowest possible price to meet demand in a market economy)

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12
Q

capitalism

A

economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make profit.

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13
Q

Utilitarianism

A

philosophy introduced by Jeremy Bentham, where people judged ideas, institutions and actions on the basis of their utility, or usefulness.

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14
Q

socialism

A

economic system where the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.

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15
Q

Karl Marx

A

german journalist who introduced the world to a radical type of socialism : Marxism. father of communism, wrote the communist manifesto

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16
Q

Jeremy bentham

A

introduced utilitarianism, argued that the government should try to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people. believed that the individual should be free to pursue his or her own advantage without interference from the state

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17
Q

Adam Smith

A

professor at university of glasgow, scotland, defended idea of free economy. believed liberty guaranteed economic progress. introduced the three laws of economics

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18
Q

David Ricardo

A

british economist, believed that natural laws governed economic life. wrote the book, principles of political economy and taxation. (pages 734-35)

19
Q

Communism

A

a form of complete socialism in which the means of production would be owned by the people/

20
Q

unions

A

voluntary labor associations

21
Q

Strike

A

refusal to work

22
Q

suffrage

A

right to vote

23
Q

Chartist movement

A

a popular movement among workers and other groups who still could not vote to press for more rights

24
Q

Queen Victoria

A

reigned at the age of 18, queen for nearly 64 years, during victorian age the british empire reached the height of its wealth and power

25
Q

Third Republic

A

the form of government created when national assembly agreed to set up a republic, that lasted over 60 years

26
Q

anti-semitism

A

prejudice against Jews

27
Q

home rule

A

local control over internal matters only

28
Q

Irish Republican Army

A

(IRA) an unofficial military force seeking independence for ireland.

29
Q

assembly line

A

a line of workers who each put a single piece of unfinished cars as they pass by on a moving belt

30
Q

theory of evolution

A

theory introduced by charles darwin, surviving members of a species produce offspring that share their advantages, gradually over many generations the species change, so that a new species evolves.

31
Q

psychology

A

study of the human mind and behavior

32
Q

Mass culture

A

appeal of art, writing, music, and other forms of entertainment to a larger audience

33
Q

Agricultural Revolution

A

when wealthy landowners bought farming lands and improved farming methods

34
Q

Luddites

A

a group of workers that attacked whole factories in northern England, destroying laborsaving machinery

35
Q

Wealth of Nations

A

book written by Adam Smith in 1776, defending his idea of free economy, stating that economic liberty guaranteed economic progress

36
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

british economist that believed natural laws governed economic life. wrote “An Essay on the Principle of Population” in 1798, arguing that population tended to increase more rapidly than food supply

37
Q

John Stuart Mill

A

a philosopher and economist who led the utilitarian movement. he questioned unregulated capitalism, believed it was wrong for workers to lead deprived lives

38
Q

Communist Manifesto

A

23 page pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, argued that human societies have always been divided into warring classes.

39
Q

Charles Darwin

A

English naturalist who introduced the theory of evolution and wrote the book “on the origin of species by means of natural selection” describing his theory.

40
Q

Radioactivity

A

a form of powerful energy released from elements, discovered and named by Marie Curie

41
Q

Crystal Palace

A

glass and iron structure in England built at request of queen Victoria, that displayed industrial machinery from different nations

42
Q

Enclosure Act

A

when landowners voted to take away common farming lands to make them their own

43
Q

Dreyfus Affair

A

when a Jewish officer in the French military (Alfred Dreyfus) was blamed for espionage and was sent to devils island for punishment

History (8 decks)

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