Renaissance Europe

Question 1

Wars of the Roses

Answer 1

England’s two ruling families, the Plantagenets were divided into two houses, both descending from Edward lll, so both had claim to the throne. Lancaster (red) led by Henry 6 and Yorkist (white) led by Richard, duke of York. Richard killed by Henry Tudor (Lancaster) who formed Tudor family.

Question 2

Frederick Habsburg

Answer 2

Part of Habsburg dynasty in Austria was elected Holy Roman emperor and then pope. His son Maximilian l built alliances through marriages.

Question 3

Great Schism

Answer 3

1378-1417

Return of pope to Rome led to divisions of cardinals and bishops. Ended up with 3 popes.

Question 4

John Wycliffe and Jan Hus

Answer 4

Theologians within church who were critical of the church. We’re critical of churches wealth, hierarchy and leadership, inaccessibility of teachings and immorality of clergy.
Johns followers- Lollards
Jan’s followers-Hussites

Question 5

Pope Alexander 6 broke traditional and rules how…

Answer 5

Had many mistresses and 4 children

Question 6

The Italian peninsula changed from republican states to…

Answer 6

Princely Territories run by families

Florence- Medici

Question 7

Queen Isabella

Answer 7

Queen of Castile who married King Ferdinand of Aragon to form an alliance but Isabella remained a formal queen.

Joint crowns

Question 8

Alhambra Decree

Answer 8

1492- Gave jews 4 months to convert or leave Catholic monarch, Muslims could stay but…. not tolerated

Question 9

Where did the last conquering of Muslims in Spain take place?

Answer 9

GRANADA

Question 10

How did the Byzantine Empire fall

Answer 10

1453- Mehmed ll, leader of Muslims conquered Constantinople and called it Istanbul, the capital of Ottoman Empire

Question 11

Millet system

Answer 11

Tolerance to Christians and Jews to live in own communities in Ottoman Empire.

Question 12

How did warfare advance

Answer 12

Between 1350-1450 innovations in gun powder weapons like canons came in.

Question 13

How did shipping and mapping change?

Answer 13

Caravel- small, slender and maneuverable in shallow water boats
Portolan charts- detailed maps of coast lines with traced lines of roots to ports.

Question 14

What was the technology invented with the biggest impact?

Answer 14

The printing press

First in Asia but spread to Europe, Gutenberg made the press with oil based ink. Printed many copies of books including bible

Question 15

Christopher Columbus

Answer 15

Believed he could reach east by going west. Landed in Bahamas (Cuba) believing it was Asia.

Question 16

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 16

Boundary line of South America divided to Portugal and Spain decided in by pope

Question 17

Christine de Pizan

Answer 17

First women to make living through writing. Published the book of the city of ladies which is women discussing why men are so nasty to them. She hired women to copy and illustrate her book

Question 18

Renaissance and Humanism

Answer 18

• new appreciation for ancient texts (Greek and Roman)
• rebirth of learning arts, crafts, culture, and humanities (grammar, rhetoric…)
• emphasis of individual and temporal (secular)

Question 19

Francesco Petrarca

Answer 19

A humanist who wrote poetry(sonnets) and loved ancient books. He responded to every book he read.

Question 20

Niccolò Machiavelli

Answer 20

Diplomat who so how weak Italian allies were. As a humanist he went to ancient Roman texts for help. He decided that fear, ruthlessness and violence was the answer.

Question 21

Portuguese Slave trade

Answer 21

Took slaves from Africa to work in galleys(ships), colonies overseas and domestic markets.

Question 22

Name same famous renaissance artists

Answer 22

Leonardo DaVinci, Michelangelo, Raphael