Renaissance Europe Flashcards
Wars of the Roses
England’s two ruling families, the Plantagenets were divided into two houses, both descending from Edward lll, so both had claim to the throne. Lancaster (red) led by Henry 6 and Yorkist (white) led by Richard, duke of York. Richard killed by Henry Tudor (Lancaster) who formed Tudor family.
Frederick Habsburg
Part of Habsburg dynasty in Austria was elected Holy Roman emperor and then pope. His son Maximilian l built alliances through marriages.
Great Schism
1378-1417
Return of pope to Rome led to divisions of cardinals and bishops. Ended up with 3 popes.
John Wycliffe and Jan Hus
Theologians within church who were critical of the church. We’re critical of churches wealth, hierarchy and leadership, inaccessibility of teachings and immorality of clergy.
Johns followers- Lollards
Jan’s followers-Hussites
Pope Alexander 6 broke traditional and rules how…
Had many mistresses and 4 children
The Italian peninsula changed from republican states to…
Princely Territories run by families
Florence- Medici
Queen Isabella
Queen of Castile who married King Ferdinand of Aragon to form an alliance but Isabella remained a formal queen.
Joint crowns
Alhambra Decree
1492- Gave jews 4 months to convert or leave Catholic monarch, Muslims could stay but…. not tolerated
Where did the last conquering of Muslims in Spain take place?
GRANADA
How did the Byzantine Empire fall
1453- Mehmed ll, leader of Muslims conquered Constantinople and called it Istanbul, the capital of Ottoman Empire
Millet system
Tolerance to Christians and Jews to live in own communities in Ottoman Empire.
How did warfare advance
Between 1350-1450 innovations in gun powder weapons like canons came in.
How did shipping and mapping change?
Caravel- small, slender and maneuverable in shallow water boats
Portolan charts- detailed maps of coast lines with traced lines of roots to ports.
What was the technology invented with the biggest impact?
The printing press
First in Asia but spread to Europe, Gutenberg made the press with oil based ink. Printed many copies of books including bible
Christopher Columbus
Believed he could reach east by going west. Landed in Bahamas (Cuba) believing it was Asia.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Boundary line of South America divided to Portugal and Spain decided in by pope
Christine de Pizan
First women to make living through writing. Published the book of the city of ladies which is women discussing why men are so nasty to them. She hired women to copy and illustrate her book
Renaissance and Humanism
- new appreciation for ancient texts (Greek and Roman)
- rebirth of learning arts, crafts, culture, and humanities (grammar, rhetoric…)
- emphasis of individual and temporal (secular)
Francesco Petrarca
A humanist who wrote poetry(sonnets) and loved ancient books. He responded to every book he read.
Niccolò Machiavelli
Diplomat who so how weak Italian allies were. As a humanist he went to ancient Roman texts for help. He decided that fear, ruthlessness and violence was the answer.
Portuguese Slave trade
Took slaves from Africa to work in galleys(ships), colonies overseas and domestic markets.
Name same famous renaissance artists
Leonardo DaVinci, Michelangelo, Raphael
