From classical To hellenistic Greece Flashcards
3 types of structures came from this period what where they?
Agora- open space with Columns around
Gym
Theatre
While Greek culture spreads, Egyptians, Jews and Mesopotamian kept what?
Religious beliefs
Socrates
Taught orally only!
Plato wrote down his words
Plato
Created institution for study 380’s BCE outside Athens (academy)
Believed universe as the shadows of the true world of forms
Math good!
Ideal realm
Humans ethically required to pursue truth
Aristotle
Moved to Athens to study under plato
Favoured empirical study (evidence) while plato liked debate
Didn’t agree with separate world theory
Founded school in the Lyceum (public place outside Athens)
Politics by Aristotle fell into what categories
3 good: democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy
3 bad: ochlocracy (mob), oligarchy (small group), tyranny (cruel)
After city states shifted power back and forth alliances formed with Athens for what purpose in 390’s?
Alliance of Athens, Corinth, Argos, Boeotia to defeat Sparta, but we’re defeated.
Sparta dominant!
Where is Macedonia located
North of Greece
Why was Macedonia so great
Resources!!
Mineral wealth
Superior warrior nation
Greek language and god’s
Phillip the second military tactic
Infantry fought in phalanx formation (men in rows with long spears) then Calvary behind.
Phillip the second defeated who?
Athens and Thebes in 338
Who was Alexander the Great
Son of Phillip the second
Ruled for 12 years
Established 20 Greek cities called Alexandria
Ruled Mediterranean and Western Asia
What wars did Alexander fight
Battled Persia (king Darius 3 makes peace but is rejected) at Grancius, Issus (peace attempt) and Guagameta
Conquered Babylon and Susa and Persian capital Persepolis and took $1 trillion
In 323 Alexander dies of
Disease
Who did Alexander Marry
Darius’ daughter Barsine in Susa and Roxanna
Hellenistic meaning
Time in which Greek language and culture spread
After Alexander’s death what 3 states succeeded and who were their rulers viewed as?
Ptolemies (Egypt-Palestine) -Pharaohs
Seleucids (turkey, Mesopotamia, Afghan, India)- Gods
Antigonids (Macedonia, Greece) -Monarchy
All the new states were ruled by
Monarchies and hierarchies
What other 2 lesser known states were there
Attalids (until 133 BCE, it was given to Rome)
Pergamum
The ptolemies felt with subjects in what two languages
Greek and Egyptian
Rosetta Stone 196 BCE
Which state inherited largest portion and employed natives in the army and encouraged intermarriage?
seleucids
Which state had strongest army?
Antigonids
5e new Greek cities modled what and how?
Greek architecture and culture (temples and columns)
-one agora for trade and one for public assembly
What was the idea behind benefactors and soft power
People who did good to improve cities for recognition
One should not crush another’s culture
Allowed Hellenistic rulers to hold their power
Lives of slaves
We’re property and registered
Helped economy and at times given freedom
Women’s role in Hellenistic society
More freedom than before due to Macedonian laws. Some became poets, artists, etc.
Queens had property for making shrines and gave dowry money to poor women
Library of Alexandria
Built by ptolemies
Tried to assemble all Greek literature
They got 700 000 scrolls
Ptolemic festival
Every 4 years to honour Olympic Gods
Large parade with huge statues
How was education viewed in Hellenistic Greece?
Very important, homers Iliad became a household name
Epicurus
A philosopher who founded school in Athens called the garden.
Believed entire universe consisted of matter in motion and seemed pleasure and happiness
Stoics
Saw universe as animated by divine spirit
Less emotional, more restrained
What happens to Egyptian Gods?
Ptolemies took over And changed Egyptian Gods to Greek one’s.
They did not take their religion away
Which two city states fought the most?
Seleucids and ptolemies
Where was the Center of Jewish life
Jerusalem
Temple rebuilt
Who was Ezra
A scribe sent to Jerusalem by Persia in 5 century BCE to collect and organize laws of his people. He then read them out to them.
He complied the first 5 books (Pentateuch)
Septuagint
Greek translation of 5 books in 3rd century BCE.
Done by 72 scribes un 72 days
Seleucids wanted what sight he Palestine’s? Who resisted
Reform and co-living
Maccabees resisted cultural mingling (as seen in Daniel)
Maccabees
Group of Jewish rebels who resisted the Seleucids and rose up against ruler.(160’s BCE)
Defeated Seleucid armies, cleansed temple and reestablished worship. Founded Hasmonean Dynasty to rule Judea.
Martyrdom
The maccabee belief in sanctity in dying for divine person would gain them eternity automatically.
