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History To 1700 > Reformations > Flashcards

Reformations Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the 5 protest reformations

A
  • Lutheran (martin Luther)
  • Anglican (Henry vlll, Church of England)
  • Reform church of Zurich (Ulrich Zwingli)
  • Calvinism (Jean Calvin)
  • Anabaptists
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2
Q

Desiderius Erasmus

A

Humanist monk, teacher, and priest in the Netherlands who read through whole bible and became confused.

  • He questioned the popes power and the wealth of the church
  • Had enemies for making fun of scholastic theology
  • Found repentance not penance
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3
Q

Thomas More

A
  • learned from Erasmus
  • Was a lawyer, writer (utopia) and lord chancellor to King Henry Vlll
  • Executed in 1535 for not agreeing with Church of England
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4
Q

Protestant protests

A
  • Indulgences (greed and dishonesty)
  • simony:purchase of church office (unethical)
  • wealth of church
  • superfluous rituals (sacraments)
  • iconoclasm (no saintly intervention)
  • hierarchy (everyone is a priest)
  • accessible bible
  • salvation by faith alone (only god determines fate)
  • transubstantiation (bread and wine)
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5
Q

Indulgences

A

Paper that was given to someone who paid off their sin

  • can buy future papers
  • buy for others
  • appears buried with you to lessen time in purgatory
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6
Q

October 31 1517

A

Ninety five theses of Martin Luther nailed to cathedral door of Wittenberg
-spark of Protestant reformation

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7
Q

Lutheranism

A
  • salvation by faith alone
  • baptism and Eucharist
  • scriptures are only guide to truth
  • abolishment of clerical celibacy
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8
Q

Anglican start

A

King Henry vlll was married to brother in laws wife Catherine of Aragon.

  • received papal dispensation to marry her
  • wanted another to annul marriage when he loved Anne Boleyn (pope refused)
  • King Henry declared his own church in spite and made himself supreme head of clergy of England (More executed)
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9
Q

Reform Church of Zurich

A
  • First reformed church in Switzerland
  • No icons, no music, Christine discipline of bodies and souls
  • reduce ritual to minimum
  • marriage court
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10
Q

Transubstantiation

A
  • Catholics: bread and wine stayed in their forms and priests words transformed it into body and blood
  • Luther argued they were both at once
  • Ulrich Zwingli said bread and wine remained themselves (body only as a symbol)
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11
Q

Calvinism

A
  • Jean Calvin exiled from France, settled in Geneva
  • Predestination
  • Rigid discipline of Christians and citizens
  • believed in theocracy (system of government by priestly order; no separation of secular and religious authority)
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12
Q

Anabaptists

A

(Adult baptism)

  1. Mennonites (Menno Simmons)
  2. Hutterites (Jacob Hutter)
    - Pacifism, no taxes, no oaths, no private property (colonies)
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13
Q

Catholic reformations

A

council of Trent (twenty years long)

  • vulgate bible (Latin) was only true text
  • affirmation of seven sacraments
  • veneration of saints
  • education of clergy
  • reformed monastic life
  • private confessional
  • index of forbidden books
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14
Q

Peasants war

A

1524-1525 in central and southern Germany

  • wanted true gospel preached
  • wanted to be free men as in bible
  • Luther dint like his message being used for the war and told authorizes to kill them.
  • 5000-6000 killed in a day
  • lords changed legal status to free to move and marry
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15
Q

Which regions increased in literacy

A

Protestant with bibles being printed and read by both girls and boys

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16
Q

Diet of Worms

A

Formal meeting of the imperial estates

-Luther went before Holy Roman emperors Charles V and read over Catholic theology but said he only trusted the bible

17
Q

How did the perception of Rape change?

A

It was women fault- they asked for it

18
Q

Arugula Von Grumbach

A

Denounced church authorized for attacking true gospel

-believed in Luther’s message and spread it

19
Q

Jacob Fugger

A

Worked with Habsburgs and other monarchs to which they lent money and for each loan they got something greater such as exploiting minerals in mines.
-Charles V owned him

20
Q

Peace of Augsburg

A

Treaty signed by Charles V officially recognized that the empire no longer followed one religion and the prince could decide the faith of his region

21
Q

Jesuits

A

To join one had to go through long preparation of studying, doing humble works, and making spiritual exercises.

  • poverty
  • obedience to pope
  • agreed to go at once to holy land and preach
  • went on mission trips
22
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

Argued the universe was heliocentric, earth rotated in axis once a day and revolved around the sun come a year.

23
Q

Queen Mary

A

Daughter of Henry and Catherine and a committed catholic, wanted to re establish the church and burned 300 protestants who didn’t flee

24
Q

Huguenots

A

(Calvinists in France)

  • destroyed religious imagery
  • catholic killed protestants
  • war in France 1562
25
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

Protestants now had limited freedom given By King Henry lV

26
Q

Massacre of Saint Bartholomew’s day

A
  • Protestant man set to marry catholic girl in Paris and Huguenot nobility invited.
  • Protestant admiral Gaspar ll killed along with hundreds of protestants as a catholic act of cleansing

History To 1700 (9 decks)

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