Europe Revived

Question 1

Three types of social orders

Answer 1

• those who pray
• those who fight and rule
• those who work

Question 2

Manorialism

Answer 2

Organization of agriculture with a large manor in the Center, peasant houses around and two fields and a pastor. Led by a lord and lady. Serfs could not leave the property and paid taxes on the crops they grew

Question 3

Where does the word slave come from

Answer 3

From Slavic because some early ones came from that region

Question 4

What were the duties of lords and ladies

Answer 4

Provide protection against raiders and thieves in their area and to offer justice when crimes took place

Question 5

Guilds

Answer 5

Early unions formed for a trade. These people met regularly and paid a fee, the group obtained recognition from legal overlords.

• forbid outsiders to work on their trade
• set standards and fines for failure of such
• build halls
• apprenticeship
• journey men (day workers)

Question 6

What did town charters restrict of nobility

Answer 6

Nobel’s could not live in towns because their power would influence too much

Question 7

Role of women

Answer 7

• stay home and keep it immaculate

- poor women sold food in markets and spun wool

Question 8

Communes

Answer 8

Ruled by officials called consuls and by assemblies of “law worthy men”.

Question 9

What did knights have to agree to do

Answer 9

• bound to superior
• perform fealty
• owe 30 days a year to military service
• help with daughter dowries

In exchange for revenue, and an estate

Question 10

William 2 duke of Normandy

Answer 10

• built armada and invaded England in 1066
• became William 1 of England (William the conquerer)
• surveyed whole land except London
• Domesday book

Question 11

Henry ll

Answer 11

• promoted good government
• married French dukes ex wife and become duke of Aquitaine and Gascony
• French attacked but her fought them off

Question 12

Reconquista

Answer 12

“Spain” wanted to push back the Muslims to reclaim their land
-won northern half which became Christian

Question 13

Schism of 1054

Answer 13

• western church held the Holy Spirit proceeded through father and son, Eastern said just father.
• church split

Question 14

Investiture Controversy

Answer 14

Pope Gregory Vll advocated clerical independence of secular authority. A candidate for archbishop requested appointment of Henry lV and paid a fee. Pope got mad and excommunicated Henry. Henry lV penance gave Greg the victory

Question 15

Gregorian reform

Answer 15

Only pope can appoint

Question 16

Concordat of Worms

Answer 16

King can recommend but Pope appoints

Question 17

Thomas Becket

Answer 17

Lawyer and state official and friend of Henry ll
-Henry wanted limitations on church privileges (in court). Becket refused to sign and was murdered in cathedral. He became a saint

Question 18

The crusades

Answer 18

9 in total between 11th and 13th century

• Reclaim the holy land from the Muslims and punish Jews
• pope granted indulgences to those who fought meaning they would spend less time in purgatory.

Question 19

The peasants crusade

Answer 19

Only “successful” crusade

-peasants and lower knights led by Peter the Hermit

Question 20

Second crusade

Answer 20

140 000 crusaders included women as well led by Eleanor of Aquitaine.

Question 21

Third crusade

Answer 21

Papal bull- women forbidden from crusades

-lost 95000/100000

Question 22

The children’s crusade

Answer 22

30000 French and 20000 German children went to battle unarmed. Many died before reaching the battle or were enslaved.

Question 23

Cluny vs. Cistercians monasticism

Answer 23

Cluny- study

Cistercians- labour

Question 24

Scholasticism

Answer 24

Philosophy and theology that merged faith with reason. Renewed interest in Greek writings

Question 25

Hildegard of Bingen

Answer 25

• given to Benedictine house 8
• vision at age 5
• no formal education
• became abbess of her monastery
• poet, musician, play writer, invented language
• correspondent with pope and kings

Question 26

Peter Abelard

Answer 26

• laid out yes and no of contradictory statements in the bible
• theology made into formal discipline w/ textbook “the four books of sentences”
• tutor of Héloise d’argenteuil

Question 27

Héloïse d’argenteuil And Peter Abelard

Answer 27

• was a brilliant girl with a Tutor
• became pregnant
• uncle castrated Peter
• Héloïse turns down peters proposal

Question 28

Universities

Answer 28

Corporation or guild to regulate teaching and learning

• professors taught until the bell
• faculties laid out texts needed to be studied to be qualified
• in Paris, theology was a central study

Question 29

Want studies flourished in the Islamic world

Answer 29

Philosophy, astronomy, medicine