Renaissance And Reformation Flashcards
Renaissance was the revival of—–
Intellectualism, literature, and philosophy
Renaissance dates
1350-1600ad (14th century)
How did Italy city states get independence
Conflict of popacy in the Holy Roman Empire in the 13th and 14th century resulted in regional autonomy
Crusades focused on what direction
Eastward (Greece and neareast)
Move towards secularization was predominant by
14th century
Literature and philosophy reflected what change in regards to religion
Became more secularized (focus on self and individualism)
Miachavellies “the prince”
The ends justify the means as a political philosophy
The Renaissance of Northern Europe emphasized the teachings of —–
Christianity
The French Renaissance reflected a —— realism
Democratic realism
English Renaissance did not flower until —-
The Elizabethan Age
Renaissance the emphasis was on —- as appose to —–
Emphasis was on man as appose to God
Renaissance the idea of the “—- man” was widely held
Universal man
What reconnected Europeans with their heritage during the Renaissance
Appreciating the works of Greeks and Romans
Emphasis on “humanism” in the Renaissance
Progress through rational thought. Universal nature of the human condition
Renaissance “secularism”
Free politics and governance from church (writings on this, philosophy of Greeks and Romans and commentaries on their work)
Renaissance Realism and Formalism
Realistic art rather than an idealized perception.
Architecture based on Greek and Roman forms.
Renaissance secularism created tension between ——
Princely kings and authority of the church
Reasons for Protestant reformation
- Dissatisfaction with church ritual and latin overtones.
- Humanism emphasized individual needs
- Printing press allowed mass communication
Martin Luther dates
1483-1546
Martin Luther central action
Questioning the pope to grant indolences
Ninety five theses
Luthers 95 theses
widely regarded as the initial catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. The disputation protests against clerical abuses, especially nepotism, simony, usury, pluralism, and the sale of indulgences.
Lutheranism allowed for a —- church system controlled by —-
Allowed for a state church system controlled by individual German princes
—– made Protestantism an international movement
Calvinism
Calvinism
Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition, Reformed Christianity, Reformed Protestantism or the Reformed faith) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.
What was the central Calvinistic belief
The doctrine of predestination
Calvinism became a revolutionary ——- movement
Revolutionary anti-Catholic movement
The Act of Supremacy (date)
1534
What did the act of supremacy signify
It marked the beginning of the English reformation
The act of supremacy, the king of England became—–
The head of the church
What initiated the break (act of supremacy)
Popes refusal to annul the marriage of Henry VIII to Cathrin of Argon
Elizabeth I (dates)
1558-1603
Elizabeth the first firmly
Established Protestantism in England
Elizabeth the first established what church (ooo rhyme)
Anglican Church
The counter reformation (other name)
Catholic reformation
Catholic reformation objective
Stop the spread of Protestantism
The Jesuits
Society of Jesus: became the official catholic response to the reformation (also initiated missionary and educational endeavors)
The council of Trent dates
1545-1563
The council of Trent
Defined the doctrines of Catholicism and reinforced papal authority
Reformation (the medieval political unity of Europe was ——-)
Replaced by the spirit of modern nationalism
Reformation the authority of the state was—-
Strengthened
Reformation the middle class was—-
Strengthened
Calvinism gave capitalism its —-
Psychological base
Religious wars during reformation reflected—–
The fervor of the time
Reformation northern Germany leader
Martin Luther
Reformation Geneva (Switzerland) ruler
John Calvin
Reformation England ruler
King Henry VIII
Martin luthers teaching
Salvation through faith rather than sacraments, rejection of hierarchical papal authority, decentralized religious authority in favor of local German princes
John Calvin main teachings
Doctrine of Predestination, rejection of all forms of worship and practice not traced to biblical tradition, based on “reformed churches”
Doctrine of Predestination
Predestination is a doctrine in Calvinism dealing with the question of the control that God exercises over the world. In the words of the Westminster Confession of Faith, God “freely and unchangeably ordained whatsoever comes to pass.”
King Henry VIII main impact
Political rather than religious break with the church, act of supremacy remove authority from the pope, created Anglican Church of England
Renisaunce initiated in trade rich independent city states of —
Italy
