Greece And Rome Flashcards
Greek literature
Epic poetry (Iliad and The Odyssey) Plays (drama, tragedy, comedy) (it was theater not drama though..)
Greek war history
Herodotus (The Persian War)
Thucydides (The Peloponnesian War)
Greek Architecture
Columns and Colonnades
Parthenon
Greek arts
Theater, sculpture, decorative pottery
Greek government
Democracy (Athens)
Oligarchy (Sparta)
Bureaucracy (Alexander the Great)
Greece is a land of—–
Mountain separated by deep valleys
Greece (scarcity of good —– encouraged —– in eastern
Scarcity of (good agricultural land) encouraged (seafaring) in eastern Greece
Greece southern mainland did what for food
They relied on farming became they had better agriculture
Aegean background includes
Minoan civilization
Mycenaean civilization
Minoan civilization dates
4000-1400 bc
Minoan prosperity
Based prosperity on extensive commerce
Mycenaean civilization dates
2000-1150bc
Mycenaean prosperity
Trade and warfare
Peloponnesus
Peninsula of southern Greece
Who conquered the Peloponnesus
Dorians
Dorians caused what
Ushered in dark age by conquering Peloponnesus
Dark age
1150-800 bc characterized by violence and instability
Ionia
Birthplace for Hellenic civilization
Present day turkey
Greek civilization was dominated by—
Athens and Sparta
Direct democracy was first established when where
507bc in Athens
The age of Pericles dates
460-429bc
The Age of Pericles
Zenith of Athenian society and the height of its democracy
Athens became a world——-
Commercial center and cosmopolitan city
Sparta state
Totalitarian and militaristic state
Sparta depended on what kind of labor and to sustain what
Depended on slave labor to sustain its agriculture system
Persians lost to who when
Persians lost to Athenians and their Greek allies in 490 (land battle of marathon)
After the defeat of Persians what dominated Greek politics
Conflict between Athens and Sparta
Peloponnesian War dates
431bc-404bc
Peloponnesian War
The war devastated both Athens and Sparta (along with their Greek city-state allies)
Greek organized war
Mycenae; Sparta
Phalanx
Athens v. Sparta
Sparta wins
What happens after Sparta beats Greece
Sparta was still unable to unite the Greek city states
What was a catalyst for the cal lose of the Greek city state alliance
Individualism
Alexander the Great dates
356-323bc
Alexander the Great established The—–
Hellenic Age
Hellenic Age
The fusion of Greek culture with the east
Alexander the Great conquered 3 major areas
Persia, Asia Minor, Egypt
Hellenic period what replaced city states
Bureaucracy
Greek (polis)
City states
Greek academics
Philosophy, scientific method, ship building
Greek law
Greek civilization established democracy
Greek art
Architecture, sculpture, art, theater
Rome was a —- tribe
Latin tribe
The Roman Empire lasted nearly how long?
Nearly 1000 years
Roman Law
Rule of Law/Equality before the law
Civil and contract law codes
Roman architecture
Concrete, arch, roads, monumental buildings
Roman engineering
Aqueducts and cisterns
Roman literature
Virgil (Aeneid) and Ovid (metamorphoses)
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (ancient roman poet who wrote Aeneid)
Ovid
Roman poet (he comes after Virgil)
Iona conquered in—
557 bc
The conquering of Iona started—
The Greco-Persian wars
Rome consolidated a great republic on the —–
Italian peninsula
After conquering the Italian peninsula——-
Rome created a great Mediterranean empire
Rome extended Greek culture all the way to (3 places)
- Western Europe
- Near East
- North Africa
Roman republic dates
507-27bc
Roman republic started after——
Etruscan control was overthrown
Etruscan Civilization
People of Italy and Corsica before Roman Empire was established (origins of the civilization are lost)
Roman society was divided based on
Class
The divisions of class in Rome
Patricians (propertied class)
Plebeians (main body of Roman Citizens)
Slaves
Roman government was based on—–
Consuls, the Senate, and the Centurial assembly
Roman consul
The highest elected political office in Rome
The roman army became
The most powerful military organization in the world
Rome incorporated —- culture in their society
Greek
Rome fought against —– in the Punic war
Carthage
Romes expansion on resulted in—-
A world republic
The Dorian Invasion
The Dorian invasion is a concept devised by historians of Ancient Greece to explain the replacement of pre-classical dialects and traditions in southern Greece by the ones that prevailed in Classical Greece.
Phoenicians became (in a way)
Carthage or the Carthaginians
What ravaged the roman republic
- Economic decline
- Political decline
- Civil war
How long did the Roman Empire last?
5 centuries
Name for “Roman Peace” and how long did it last
“Pax Roman” and it lasted for 2 centuries
Pax roman dates
27bc-180ad (no wars in that time)
By what time was Rome experiencing notable economic and political decline
By the end of the second century
Caesar was assassinated in –
44bc
Who became the first emperor of the Roman Empire and when
- Augustus
2. 27bc
Constantine
Acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eboracum (Modern-day York) after his father’s death in 306 AD, Constantine emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against the emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by 324 AD.
Why did the Roman Empire split
In November of 284 A.D., Diocletian, a forceful Roman general, seized power and declared himself the new emperor. One of his earliest orders was to split the Roman Empire in two
Immediate cause for the fall of the Roman Empire
Continuous barbaric invasion
Internal factors that contributed to the fall of Rome
Political instability, decreasing farm production, inflation, excessive taxation, and military decline
Roman Empire split between
East and west
What barbarians would invade Rome
- Goths
- Vandals
- Huns
What was a factor “external” of politics that caused the Roman Empire to split
The rise of Christianity
The great schism
The East–West Schism (sometimes called the Great Schism) is the break of communion between what are now the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches, which began in the 11th century.
Romans continued Greek tradition in
Literature, art, sculpture, and the humanities
Romans biggest contribution was
In the field of law
Romans passed on monumental—-
Architecture
Details of Dorian invasion
“Dorian Invasion” was really a second migration, like that of the Achaeans, of non-Grecian folk from the heart of Europe. They were a race who had learned the use of iron, which had been scarcely, if at all, known to the Greeks before. And the superior armor and weapons of the new-comers enabled them to establish themselves through most of the Peloponnesus
Greece to Rome
Some Greeks help Carthaginians fight the Romans, because the Greeks were afraid of the Romans. But the Carthaginians lost. The Romans were very angry at the Greeks, and they began to take Greece over as well.
