Early/Later Middle Ages Flashcards
Early Middle Ages (dates)
500-1000ad
Feudalism social order
Church–lord and nobles–vassals and lesser lords–Knights–peasants
Grants of land given by —– in exchange of loyalty from
Land given by lords in exchange for oaths of loyalty from the private armies of vassal and their knights protected lords and their land
Peasants owed —
Labor and obedience
Middle Ages all owed obedience to —-
The church
Manor estates owned by —-
Lords
Peasant serfs given land to work on in exchange for—-
Percentage of crop yield
Free peasants worked as—-
Skilled laborers
Dues and deed charged for—–
Tenancy, use of roads, bridges, etc
Tenancy
Possession of land as a tenant
Middle Ages: leading lords emerged as —-
Kings
Middle Ages: political foundation for —–
Nation states
Nation state
A nation state is a geographical area that can be identified as deriving its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign nation
Dark Ages (dates)
500-800ad
Who became the dominant Greek tribe during the dark ages
The Franks
What broke out among the Merovingians
Domestic feuds and civil wars
Merovingians
The Merovingians were a Salian Frankish dynasty that ruled the Franks for nearly 300 years in a region known as Francia in Latin, beginning in the middle of the 5th century.
561ad among the civil wars what changed in power dynamics
Political power shifted away from monarchy
Actions of Charles Martel
Halted Muslim advances into Europe at the battle of tours (732)
Matteo’s victory helped —–
Preserve western civilization
The Carolingians
They replaced the franks as legitimate rulers
Carolingians details and times
The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD.
Pepin the Short
747-768 appointed by the pope as king
Pepin the Short established—
Papal States on former Byzantine land
Charlemagne dates
768-814
Charlemagne details
Crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by pope Leo in 800 ad and dominated the political structure of the early Middle Ages
Charlemagne revived—-
The concept of the Holy Roman Empire and established authority of secular rule
Charlemagne’s empire included—–
Most of the former Roman Empire and additional Germanic lands between the Rhine and Elbe rivers
The Carolingian Renaissance resulted in the establishment of a palace——
Palace academy with prescribed academic curriculum
The Carolingian Renaissance details
They Carolingian Renaissance, the first of three medieval renaissances, was a period of cultural activity in the Carolingian Empire occurring from the late eighth century to the ninth century, taking inspiration from the Christian Roman Empire of the 4th century.
Cause of chaotic political, economic, and urban decline stating in the early Middle Ages
Collapse of roman and sweeping advanced of Germanic and Viking raiders
The Treaty of Verdun
Split Charlemagne’s empire among his three grandsons
When did Carolingian rule end
10th century
Why did Carolingian rule end
Decline in central authority and the invasion of the Scandinavian tribe
The Viking (Norse) invaders pillaged where and when
The coasts of Europe in the eight century
The Danes were responsible for the major invasions of—-
England
Alfred the Great (dates)
871-899ad
Actions of Alfred the Great
Established the English kingdom after stemming the Danish invasions
What did the Frankish system of inheritance due in terms of the nation
Hastened the dissolution of the empire
In France the Carolingian king —– (what happened to him)
He was forehead to give up Normandy to the Vikings
Society in the Middle Ages was based on—–
The feudal system
Under the feudal system, political authority was dominated by—
The landed nobility
Manorialism
Agricultural organization and economic foundation of feudalism
The rise of feudal monarchs in the later Middle Ages caused the development of —— in (location)
Nation states in France
Conflicts with the Pope about the extent of religious authority lead to—-
Increase of authority in the monarch
By the early —– century royal authority had expanded and (nation) became a world power
Early 13th century (France)
Hundred year ward dates
1337-1453
Hundred year war was between
England and France
Result of the hundred year war
English being driven out of most of France
The —- conquest had a profound impact on the development of culture and the jusciak system if England
Norman conquest
Battle of Hastings
1066 (ended anglo Saxon rule in England
By the — century, English common law was firmly established
English common law
Magna Carta
(1215) limited the power of the kind (big deal)
By the —– century the English parliament was firmly established
14 century
What composed English parliament
House of Lords (titles nobility)
House of Commons (gentry and middle)
The Requista (what and when)
Re-established Christian control over Muslim Spain in 1492
Pope in Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages
Dominant in religious matters and the monarch in secular matters
A continuing power struggle evolved between whom during the late Middle Ages
Papacy and secular rule
Medieval civil society based on —- division
Class division
Who were the privileged class
Clergy and nobility
Who were the workforce classes
Peasants and artisans.
Who was tied to the land
Surfs
By the 20th century, the decline of —– and —- was evident
Feudalism and manorialism
Manorialism
Manorialism was characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a Lord of the Manor, supported economically from his own direct landholding in a manor (sometimes called a fief), and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under the jurisdiction of himself and his manorial court.
The commercial revival lead to towns and a ——— emerged
True middle class
Economic activism in these towns were monitored by——
Merchant and craft guilds
Education in late mediaeval times stress
Language arts: theology, Latin, philosophy, etc
Late Middle Ages what type of architecture dominated
Romanesque
Middle Ages were a —— period between ———
Transition period between ancient and modern Europe
Magna Carta modern influence
Constitutionalism, individual rights, due process of the law
