remaining reports of chapter 19-24 Flashcards by Alex Winona

colorless and transparent under normal conditions

spirochaeta

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microaerophilic or aerobic that inhabit environment of their hosts and their vectors

Borrelia

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cause Lyme disease

Borrelia burgdorferi

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found in moist environment, particularly in water contaminated with animal urine

Leptospira

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causes Leptospirosis

Leptospira interrogans

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causes syphilis

Treponema pallidum

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causes gingivitis

Treponema denticola

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non endospore-forming bacilli that make up the most substantial portion of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota

Bacteroides

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harmless and part of normal gut flora

Bacteroides

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rod shaped cells with round ends containing polar lipoid bodies

Beijerincka

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known to produce slimes, particularly extracellular polysaccharides

Beijerincka

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rod shaped and form hyphae through budding

Hyphomicrobium

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nonmotile, aerobic, gram-negative cocci that most often occur in pairs with adjacent sides flattened

Neisseria

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causes menigitis

Neisseria meningitidis

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use poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate as their carbon reserve

Burkholderia

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it can survive in various environment including contaminated medical equipment

Burkholderia

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alkaline tolerance, and produce a characteristic fruity odor or an ammonia-like smell

Alcaligenes

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helical filaments that lack cell wall and are plant pathogens

Spiroplasma

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causes citrus stubborn disease

Spiroplasma citri

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male-killing in fruit flies

Spiroplasma poulsunii

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plant and insect pathogen that lack flagella and is pleomorphic

Acholesplasma

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form true endospores, peritrichously flagellated

Bacillus

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bacteria that can be medically important as antibiotics and probiotcs

Bacillus

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in food industry, fermentation of certain foods and poultry

Bacillus

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causes anthrax

Bacillus anthracis

causes emetic illness and diarrhea

Bacillus cereus

multicellular rods, disk shaped cells, form chains, nonsporing, and have acetate as carbon reserve

Caryophanum

rod shaped, true endospores

Paenibacillus

rod shaped, betaproteobacteria that oxidizes ammonia to nitrite

Nitrosomonas

known as nitrifiers

Nitrosomonas

short, rod-shaped bacteria that uses methanol as a carbon and energy source

Methylophilus

sulfur-oxidizing bacteria that lacks extensive internal membrane systems

Thiobacillus

typical purple sulfur bacteria that have bacteriochlorophylls

Chromatium

bacteria that can cause foodborne and waterborne illness

Escherichia

facultatively straight rods with simple nutritional requirements

Escherichia

4 strains of E. coli

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) Diffusely adhering E. coli (DAEC)

causes traveler's diarrheae

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

invades intestinal epithelial cells that produces cytotoxin and enterotoxin

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

attached to the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells; effacing lesions or attaching-effacing (EA) lesions

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

produces shiga-like toxins killing vascular endothelial cells; first recognized in 1982

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

"stacked brick" appearance that adhere to epithelial cells in localized regions

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC)

cause disease in immunologically naive or malnourished children in entire surface of epithelial cells

Diffusely adhering E. coli (DAEC)

has antibiotic resistance and prominent polysaccharide capsule

Klebsiella

ferment lactose with gas formation within 48 hours at 35 degrees C

Klebsiella

butanediol fermenters

Klebsiella

urease production

Proteus

causes typhoid fever

Salmonella typhi

shigellosis or bacillary dysentery

Shigella

facultative intracellular parasites

Shigella

long filaments, white or translucent gliding bacteria (holdfast)

Leucothrix

have a complex life cycle: dispersal by gonidia rosettes formation

Leucothrix

colorless intracellular parasites

Legionella

lack prosthecae or sheaths that have a functional TCA cycle--oxidizing substrates to CO2

Pseudomonas

yellow green or blue due to the presence of pyroverdine

Pseudomonas

causes pneumonia, UTI, blood infection..

Pseudomonas

form cysts as the culture ages

Azotobacter

nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation (nitogenase)

Azotobacter

curved rods or vibrio-shaped with polar flagella

Vibrio

causes cholera

Vibrio cholerae

causes gastroentritis

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

causes vibriosis

Vibrio anguillarum

bacteria capable of bioluminescence through the presence of enzyme luciferase

Vibrio fischeri

considered as an important environmental bacterium

Comamonas

causative agent of gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorhoeae

commonly found in the lower intestine of warm blooded organisms

Escherichia coli

cause of diarrhea in children residing in developing countries

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

carries out heterolactic fermentation using the phosphoketolase pathway and lacks cytochrome

Leuconostoc

involve in food spoilage and tolerate high sugar concentrations

Leuconostoc

sporadic pathogen

Leuconostoc

spherical cells occurring singly and in irregular cells, appears as a bunch of grape-like colonies

Staphylococcus

coagulase positive stain

Staphylococcus aureus

coagulase negative stain

Staphylococcus epidermidis

produce yellow carotenoid pigment and coagulase

Staphylococcus aureus

have rod-coccus growth cycle

Arthrobacter

usually red or yellow and have a maximum temperature range for microbial growth is 24 degrees celsius

Micrococcus

breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, benefit to the color and flavor of meat products

Micrococcus

slender filaments with true branching

Actinomyces

causes lumpy jaw in cattle

Actinomyces bovis

exhibits filamentous growth, similar to fungi, and is capable of forming branched structures

Thermoactinomyces

causative agent of farmer's lung

Thermoactinomyces vulgaris

produces lactic acid as a by-product of carbohydrate fermentation

Lactobacillus

species can be classified based on their hemolysis on blood sugar

Streptecoccus

motile at room temperature but nonmotile at body temperature

Listeria

responsible for Listeriosis

Listeria monocytogenes

produces long, flexible threadlike cells

Flexibacter

vegetative hyphae with limited to extensive branching and no aerial mycelium and have a type III cell walls

Frankia

grows in symbiotic association with higher nonleguminous plants and fixes nitrogen

Frankia

causes rat bite fever

Streptobacillus moniliformis